A5073863926- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Food composition and properties
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Aberystwyth University
2012-2024
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences
2012-2024
University of Cambridge
2001-2006
Chinese Academy of Sciences
2005
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2005
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology
2005
University of Wales
2000-2002
London Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education
1990-1997
Barnet Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust
1997
Royal Victoria Hospital
1990-1996
The centromere of eukaryotic chromosomes is essential for the faithful segregation and inheritance genetic information. In majority species, centromeres are associated with highly repetitive DNA, as a consequence, boundary functional difficult to define. this study, we demonstrate that centers rice occupied by 155-bp satellite repeat, CentO, centromere-specific retrotransposon, CRR. CentO located within chromosomal regions which spindle fibers attach. quantitatively variable among 12...
Brachypodium distachyon is being widely investigated across the world as a model plant for temperate cereals. This annual has three cytotypes (2n = 10, 20, 30) that are still regarded part of single species. Here, multidisciplinary study been conducted on representative sampling to investigate their evolutionary relationships and origins, elucidate if they represent separate Statistical analyses 15 selected phenotypic traits were in individuals from 36 lines or populations. Cytogenetic...
The functional centromeres of rice ( Oryza sativa , AA genome) chromosomes contain two key DNA components: the CRR centromeric retrotransposons and a 155-bp satellite repeat, CentO. However, several wild species lack CentO repeat. We developed chromatin immunoprecipitation-based technique to clone fragments derived from containing histone H3 variant CenH3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation cloning was carried out in CentO-less rhizomatis (CC brachyantha (FF genome). Three previously...
Genomic discovery in oat and its application to improvement have been hindered by a lack of genetic markers common different maps, the difficulty conducting whole-genome analysis using high-throughput markers. This study was intended develop, characterize, apply large set based on Diversity Array Technology (DArT).Approximately 19,000 genomic clones were isolated from complexity-reduced representations pooled DNA samples 60 varieties global origin. These screened three arrays, with more than...
Hexaploid oat ( Avena sativa L., 2 n = 6 x 42) is a member of the Poaceae family and has large genome (∼12.5 Gb) containing 21 chromosome pairs from three ancestral genomes. Physical rearrangements among parental genomes have hindered development linkage maps in this species. The objective work was to develop single high‐density consensus map that representative majority commonly grown varieties. Data cDNA‐derived single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) were...
Abstract Non-random gene organization in eukaryotes plays a significant role genome evolution. Here, we investigate the origin of biosynthetic cluster for production defence compounds oat—the avenacin cluster. We elucidate structure and organisation this 12-gene cluster, characterise last two missing pathway steps, reconstitute entire tobacco by transient expression. show that has formed de novo since divergence oats subtelomeric region lacks homology with other grasses, order is...
Cultivated hexaploid oat (Common oat; Avena sativa) has held a significant place within the global crop community for centuries; although its cultivation decreased over past century, nutritional benefits have garnered increased interest human consumption. We report development of fully annotated, chromosome-scale assemblies extant progenitor species As- and Cp-subgenomes, atlantica eriantha respectively. The diploid serve as important genetic resources improving common oat's adaptive food...
Genome analysis of 27 oat species identifies ancestral groups, delineates the D genome, and origin 21 mapped chromosomes in hexaploid oat. We investigated genomic relationships among genus Avena using high-density genetic markers revealed by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Two methods GBS were used: one based on tag-level haplotypes that previously cultivated (A. sativa), intended to sample enumerate originating from all under investigation. Qualitatively, both gave similar predictions...
Abstract Retrotransposon or retrotransposon-like sequences have been reported to be conserved components of cereal centromeres. Here we show that the published are derived from a single conventional Ty3-gypsy family nonautonomous derivative. Both autonomous and elements likely colonized Poaceae centromeres at time common ancestor but maintained since by active retrotransposition. The retrotransposon is also present lower copy number in Arabidopsis genome, where it shows less pronounced...
Summary In the cell walls of forage grasses, ferulic acid is esterified to arabinoxylans and participates with lignin monomers in oxidative coupling pathways generate ferulate–polysaccharide–lignin complexes that cross‐link wall. Such cross‐links hinder wall degradation by ruminant microbes, reducing plant digestibility. this study, genetically modified Festuca arundinacea plants were produced expressing an Aspergillus niger esterase (FAEA) targeted vacuole. The rice actin promoter proved be...
Diseases caused by crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis are among the most important constraints for oat crop. Breeding resistance is one of effective, economical, environmentally friendly means to control these diseases. The purpose this work was identify elite alleles in association mapping aid selection resistant plants. To aim, 177 accessions including white red cultivars landraces were evaluated disease further genotyped with 31 simple...
Glycosylation of small molecules is critical for numerous biological processes in plants, including hormone homeostasis, neutralization xenobiotics, and synthesis storage specialized metabolites. plant natural products usually performed by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Triterpene glycosides (saponins) are a large family that determine important agronomic traits such as disease resistance flavor have pharmaceutical applications. Most characterized product UGTs...
Context Several high-quality reference genomes for oat (Avena sativa L. and relatives) have been published, with the prospect of many additional whole-genome assemblies emerging in near future. Aims This has necessitated an effort by International Oat Nomenclature Committee (IONC; all co-authors on this paper) to devise a universal system naming subgenomes, chromosomes, genes, gene models quantitative trait loci. Methods We evaluated existing practices, recent data from sequencing, newly...
Abstract The most distinctive region of the rye B chromosome is a subtelomeric domain that contains an exceptional concentration B-chromosome-specific sequences. At metaphase this appears to be physical counterpart heterochromatic regions present on standard chromosomes, but its conformation at interphase less condensed. In report we show two sequence families have been previously found make up bulk assembled from fragments variety elements, giving rise their ostensibly foreign origin. A...
Mutational analysis has enabled identification and localization of an upstream exon the areA gene Aspergillus nidulans mediating nitrogen metabolite repression. A mutation in initiation codon frameshift mutations, which revert by restoration reading frame, established coding role mutations affecting intron splicing conjunction with DNA sequencing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT—PCR) products localized region intron. The resulting AREA translation product would have 876...
In the cell walls of grasses, ferulic acid is esterified to arabinoxylans and undergoes oxidative reactions form ferulates dimers, trimers oligomers. Feruloylation arabinoxylan considered important not only because it leads cross-linked xylans but also may act as a nucleating site for formation lignin hence link by forming lignin-ferulate-arabinoxylan complex. Such cross-linking among main factors inhibiting release fermentable carbohydrates from grasses either ruminant nutrition or biofuel...
Plants produce an array of natural products with important ecological functions. These compounds are often decorated oligosaccharide groups that influence bioactivity, but the biosynthesis such sugar chains is not well understood. Triterpene glycosides (saponins) a large family plant determine agronomic traits, as exemplified by avenacins, antimicrobial defense produced oats. Avenacins have branched trisaccharide moiety consisting l-arabinose linked to 2 d-glucose molecules critical for...
In grass cell walls, ferulic acid esters linked to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans play a key role crosslinking hemicellulose. Although such crosslinks have number of important roles the wall, they also hinder rate and extent wall degradation by ruminant microbes fungal glycohydrolyase enzymes. Ferulic esterase (FAE) can release both monomeric dimeric acids from making more susceptible further enzymatic attack. Transgenic plants Lolium multiflorum expressing gene Aspergillus niger,...