A5015398688- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Esophageal Cancer Research and Treatment
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
- Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Animal testing and alternatives
- Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Pancreatic and Hepatic Oncology Research
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
Swansea University
2015-2024
University of Florida
2022-2023
University of Georgia
2022-2023
University of Victoria
2022-2023
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2022-2023
Mississippi State University
2022-2023
University of Minnesota
2022
York University
2022
Baylor School
2020
Texas Children's Hospital
2020
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are being widely used for various biomedical applications, example, magnetic resonance imaging, targeted delivery of drugs or genes, and in hyperthermia. Although, the potential benefits SPION considerable, there is a distinct need to identify any cellular damage associated with these nanoparticles. Besides focussing on cytotoxicity, most commonly determinant toxicity as result exposure SPION, this review also mentions importance studying...
There is a pressing requirement to define hazard identification and risk management strategy for nanomaterials due the rapid growth in nanotechnology industry their promise of life-style revolutions through development wide-ranging nano-containing consumer products. Consequently, battery well defined appropriate vitro assays assess number genotoxicity endpoints required minimise extensive costly vivo testing. However, validity established protocols current OECD recognised currently being...
Abstract A mechanistic understanding of carcinogenic genotoxicity is necessary to determine consequences chemical exposure on human populations and improve health risk assessments. Currently, linear dose-responses are assumed for DNA reactive compounds, ignoring cytoprotective processes that may limit permanent damage. To investigate the biological significance low-dose exposures, lymphoblastoid cells were treated with alkylating agents have different mechanisms action targets: methylmethane...
The demonstration and acceptance of dose response thresholds for genotoxins may have substantial implications the setting safe exposure levels. Here we test hypothesis that direct-acting DNA reactive agents exhibit thresholded responses. We examine potential mechanisms involved in such responses, particularly relation to those alkylating agents. As are representative model compounds with well characterized activities targets, they could help shed light on general responses genotoxins....
Barrett's oesophagus patients accumulate chromosomal defects during the histological progression to cancer, one of most prominent which is amplification whole chromosome 4. We aimed study role that transcription factor NF-κB, a candidate cancer- promoting gene, present on 4, plays in oesophagus, using OE33 cells as model. Specifically, we wanted determine if NF-κB was activated by exposure bile acid (deoxycholic acid) oesophageal cells. employed pathway specific cDNA microarrays and...
Bile acids are often refluxed into the lower oesophagus and candidate carcinogens in development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We show here that secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), is only one commonly tested here, to genotoxicity, terms chromosome damage mutation induction human p53 gene. This genotoxicity was apparent at both neutral acidic pH, whilst there a considerable increase bile-induced toxicity pH. The higher levels cell death low survival rates pH may imply exposure...
The assessment of cancer risk in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) is currently fraught difficulty. current gold standard method assessing histological assessment, the appearance high-grade dysplasia (HGD) as key event monitored. Sampling error during endoscopy limits usefulness this approach, and there has been much recent interest supplementing molecular markers, which may aid patient stratification.No marker yet validated to accurately correlate esophageal progression. Here, we...
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile implicated in various cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In oesophageal adenocarcinoma, DCA believed to contribute carcinogenesis during reflux where stomach contents enter lower oesophagus. It imperative that we understand mechanisms whereby carcinogens function order therapeutic options may be developed. We have previously shown can damage chromosomes and does so through its generation reactive oxygen species (ROS). show here, after...
Recent evidence has challenged the default assumption that all DNA-reactive alkylating agents exhibit a linear dose-response. Emerging suggests model methyl- and ethylmethanesulfonate methylnitrosourea (MNU) ethylnitrosourea observe nonlinear dose-response with no observed genotoxic effect level (NOGEL). Follow-up mechanistic studies are essential to understand mechanism of cellular tolerance biological relevance such NOGELs. MNU is one most mutagenic simple alkylators. Therefore,...
Due to the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials (NM) and their unknown reactivity, possibility NM altering optical fluorometric/colorimetric probes that are used measure cyto- genotoxicity may lead inaccurate readings. This could have potential implications given NM, such as ultrafine superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPION), increasingly finding use in nanomedicine absorbance/fluorescence based assays assess toxicity. study looks at dextran-coated USPION (dUSPION)...
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in both DNA damage induction and aberrant cell signalling various tissue backgrounds. We investigated here the role of iNOS NO nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) esophageal cells vitro . As adenocarcinoma develops a background Barrett's esophagus secondary to reflux disease, it is possible that inflammatory mediators like may be important cancer development. show components stomach acid bile acids [deoxycholic...
The rapid production and incorporation of engineered nanomaterials into consumer products alongside research suggesting can cause cell death DNA damage (genotoxicity) makes in vitro assays desirable for nanosafety screening. However, conflicting outcomes are often observed when vivo study results compared, more physiologically representative models required to minimise reliance on animal testing. BASF Levasil® silica nanoparticles (16 85 nm) were used adapt the 3D reconstructed skin...
Toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is often correlated with the physicochemical characteristics materials. However, some discrepancies are noted in in-vitro studies on quantum dots (QDs) similar properties. This partly related to variations cell type. In this study, we show that epithelial (BEAS-2B), fibroblast (HFF-1), and lymphoblastoid (TK6) cells different biological responses following exposure QDs. These represented 3 main portals NP exposure: bronchial, skin, circulatory. The uptake...
It is well established that toxicological evaluation of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) vital to ensure the health and safety those exposed them. Further, there a distinct need for development advanced physiologically relevant in vitro techniques NM hazard prediction due limited predictive power current models unsustainability conducting nano-safety evaluations vivo. Thus, purpose this study was develop alternative approaches assess potential NMs induce genotoxicity by secondary mechanisms....
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have recently attracted great attention because of their fibrous structure and high aspect ratio. Here the genotoxic potential 400–800 nm, 1–3 μm 5–30 SWCNT with respect to geometry surface characteristics was studied. Following thorough physico-chemical characterisation, human bronchial epithelial (BEAS−2B) lymphoblastoid (MCL-5) cells were treated for 24 or 48 h. This showed significant increases in micronucleus frequency a time- dose-dependent...