Using agricultural wastes as an alternative phosphorus (P) source has great prospects to improve soil P status. A 70-day incubation experiment was carried out investigate the effects of superphosphate (SSP), poultry manure (PM), cattle (CM), maize straw (MS), and bone meal (CB) with same total input on availability fractions in typical acidic (red soil) alkaline (fluvo-aquic soils. The results showed that both fluvo-aquic red soils, CM out-performed other sources improving availability....

The bacterial endophyte Herbaspirillum frisingense GSF30T is a colonizer of several grasses grown in temperate climates, including the highly nitrogen-efficient perennial energy grass Miscanthus. Inoculation Miscanthus sinensis seedlings with H. promoted root and shoot growth but had only minor impact on nutrient concentrations. bacterium affected architecture increased fine-root structures. Although has genetic requirements to fix nitrogen, changes nitrogen concentrations were observed....

Lupinus albus serves as model plant for root‐induced mobilization of sparingly soluble soil phosphates via the formation cluster‐roots ( CRs ) that mediate secretion protons, citrate, phenolics and acid phosphatases APases ). This study employed next‐generation sequencing to investigate molecular mechanisms behind these complex adaptive responses at transcriptome level. We compared different stages CR development, including pre‐emergent PE ), juvenile JU mature MA stages. The results...

Background Glutamine is one of the primary amino acids in nitrogen assimilation and often most abundant acid plant roots. To monitor this important metabolite, a novel genetically encoded fluorescent FRET-reporter was constructed expressed Arabidopsis thaliana. As candidate for glutamine fluxes, root tip localized, putative transporter CAT8 analyzed heterologously yeast oocytes. Principal Findings Rapid reversible vivo fluorescence changes were observed reporter-expressing tips upon exposure...

Amino acid transporters in plants are crucial for distributing amino acids between plant organs and cellular compartments. The H(+)-coupled plasma membrane transporter CAT1 (cationic 1) facilitates the high-affinity uptake of basic acids. lysine (Lys) via roots was not altered loss-of-function mutants, accordance with minor expression roots, but ectopically overexpressing incorporated Lys at higher rates. Exogenous inhibited primary root Arabidopsis, whereas lateral were stimulated. These...

In order to reduce the exhaust noise, which is main source of gasoline engine this paper uses on orthogonal test optimize parameters structure split-stream rushing muffler (the perforation rate perforated pipe, aperture plate). It also comprehensively evaluates its acoustic and aerodynamic performances determine optimal structural model. The performance original are compared analyzed in simulation test. results show that average Transmission Loss greater than muffler, Pressure lower muffler....

Investigating the interaction effect of nitrogen (N) management strategies and stay-green types maize hybrids is essential for enhancing N use efficiency developing N-efficient hybrids. A field experiment was conducted with five treatments (Control, Opt.N*70%, Opt.N, Opt.N*130%, Con.N) two (stay-green hybrids: DH605 ZD958; moderate-green XY335 XY1266) to examine their effects on yield, aboveground biomass, uptake allocation. The highest grain yields moderate over were 12.8 Mg ha−1 10.8 ha−1,...

Ammonium is the major nitrogen source in some plant ecosystems but toxic at high concentrations, especially when available as exclusive source. stress rapidly leads to various metabolic and hormonal imbalances that ultimately inhibit root shoot growth many species, including Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. To identify molecular genetic factors involved seedling survival with prolonged NH4+ nutrition, a transcriptomic analysis microarrays was used. Substantial transcriptional differences...

Lysine is an essential amino acid for human nutrition, which generally low in cereal diets. Its biosynthesis via the aspartate-pathway and catabolism controlled by complex feedback mechanisms. Recently, aspartate-derived acids were found to be elevated during pathogen infection Arabidopsis a lysine catabolite, pipecolic acid, was identified as critical regulator of systemic acquired resistance. Pipecolic mobile plants, functions intensifier defense responses mediates resistance establishment...

Urea is the most widespread nitrogen (N) fertilizer worldwide and rapidly degraded in soil to ammonium by urease. Ammonium either taken up plant roots or further processed nitrate microorganisms. However, urea can be urease for assimilation. When supplied under sterile conditions, it acts as a poor N source seedlings adult Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Here, gene expression of young exposed nutrition was compared. Several primary metabolism transport genes, including those urea, were...

Adventitious root (AR) formation in Petunia hybrida is inhibited by low nitrogen fertilization of stock plants but promoted dark incubation cuttings before planting. We investigated whether the plant hormone auxin involved nitrogen- and dark-mediated AR formation.

Amino acids are major primary metabolites. Their uptake, translocation, compartmentation, and re-mobilization require a diverse set of cellular transporters. Here, the broadly expressed gene product CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER 9 (CAT9) was identified as mainly localized to vesicular membranes that involved in vacuolar trafficking, including those trans-Golgi network. In order probe whether how these compartments amino acid homeostasis, loss-of-function cat9-1 mutant ectopic...

Introduction Phosphorus recovery from waste streams is a global concern due to open nutrient cycles. However, the reliability and efficiency of recycled P fertilizers are often low. Biostimulants (BS), as potential enhancer availability in soil, could help overcome current barriers using fertilizers. For this, deeper understanding influence BSs on soil turnover interaction with plants needed. Methods We conducted an incubation pot trial maize which we testednon-microbial (humic acids plant...

Cores from the middle Eocene sediments of Dongying Depression southern Bohai Bay Basin in east China yield various kinds sedimentary deformation structures. They include microfolds, load casts, flame structures, ball-and-pillow load-cast ripples, pinch-and-swell boudinage sand dikes, microfaults, and cataclastic breccias. Gravity flows, including turbidites debris also occur study area. The layers can be divided into plastic brittle types. These develop a succession composed mainly dark...

Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients for plants animals. How phosphorus (P) application affects Cu Fe concentrations in maize grain still remains unclear. Two-year field studies were conducted a long-term experiment with six P levels (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 kg∙ha−1 P) on calcareous soil. Phosphorus significantly decreased the average concentration by 12.6% compared to no treatment, but had effect concentration. The copper content increased as rate from 0 25 or 50...