Gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors overexpressing neuropeptide Y in the hippocampus exerts seizure-suppressant effects rodent epilepsy models and is currently considered for clinical application patients with intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure suppression by predominantly mediated Y2 receptors, which, together Y, are upregulated after seizures as a compensatory mechanism. To explore whether such upregulation could prevent seizures, we overexpressed...

Electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) is one of the strongest stimulators hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents that represents a plausible mechanism for efficacy electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) major depressive disorder. Using design-based stereological cell counting, we recently documented an initial 2.6-fold increase following clinical relevant schedule ECS, treatment also rescuing depression-like behavior rats. However, these results gave no demonstration longevity newly generated neurons....

Synucleinopathies are a group of diseases characterized by brain aggregates α-synuclein (α-syn). The gradual accumulation α-syn and the role inflammation in early-stage pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We explored this interaction inducing chronic common pre-clinical synucleinopathy mouse model. Three weeks post unilateral intra-striatal injections human pre-formed fibrils (PFF), mice underwent repeated intraperitoneal 1 mg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 weeks. Histological...

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) exerts anxiolytic‐ and antidepressant‐like effects in rodents that appear to be mediated via Y1 receptors. Gene therapy using recombinant viral vectors induce overexpression of NPY the hippocampus or amygdala has previously been shown confer anxiolytic‐like effect rodents. The present study explored an alternative more specific approach: Using a adeno‐associated vector (rAAV) encoding gene (rAAV‐Y1), we, for first time, induced functional transgene receptors...

Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that causes irreversible brain damage leading to several neurological and psychiatric abnormalities, including cognitive deficits. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) abundant in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has important functions, being involved learning memory processing. It been demonstrated METH induces significant alteration mice striatal NPY, 1 2 receptor mRNA levels. However, impact of this on hippocampal NPY its consequences...

Stereological methods are designed to describe quantitative parameters without making assumptions about size, shape, orientation and distribution of cells or structures. These have been revolutionary for analysis the mammalian brain, in which volumetric cell populations too high count manually, stereology is now technique choice whenever estimates three-dimensional quantities need be extracted from measurements on two-dimensional sections. All stereological principle unbiased; however, they...

Abstract Although electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) are widely used as a treatment for severe depression, the working mechanism of ECS remains unclear. Repeated causes anticonvulsant effects that have been proposed to underlie therapeutic effect ECS, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) is potential candidate mediating this effect. results in prominent increases NPY synthesis. In contrast, NPY‐sensitive receptor binding decreased, so it unclear whether net increase signalling. Agonist‐stimulated [ 35...

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression are not fully understood. Only a few previous studies have used validated stereological methods to test how stress and animal paradigms of affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis whether antidepressant therapy can counteract possible changes in an model. Thus, this study we applied that state the art regard cell counting methods. Using rat model combination with clinically relevant schedule electroconvulsive stimulation, estimated total...

Abstract Introduction Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most efficient treatments major depressive disorder (MDD), although underlying neurobiology remains poorly understood. There evidence that ECT and MDD exert opposing effects on hippocampal formation with respect to volume number neurons. However, there has been a paucity quantitative data in experimental models MDD. Methods Using design‐based stereology, we have measured stress‐induced depression model (chronic restraint...

Abstract Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are synucleinopathies characterized by aggregation of α‐synuclein in brain cells. Recent studies have shown that morphological changes terms cerebral nerve cell loss increase glia numbers, the degree molecular epidemiological findings more severe MSA than PD. In present study, we performed a stereological comparison cerebellar volumes, granule Purkinje cells 13 patients diagnosed with [8 MSA‐P (striatonigral subtype) 5 MSA‐C...

Our access to a unique material of postmortem brains obtained from decades data collection enabled stereological analysis the neuron numbers and correlation results with individual premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) data. In our sample 50 men, we find that IQ does not correlate number brain cells in human neocortex was only weakly correlated weight. examination extended measures several other parameters might be relevance intelligence, including cerebral glial (astrocytes,...

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The margin of the removed tumor in cancer surgery has an important influence on survival. Adjuvant treatments, prognostic complications, and financial costs are required when pathologist observes a close/positive surgical margin. Ex vivo imaging resected tissue been suggested for assessment, but traditional cross-sectional is not optimal setting. Instead, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound portable, high-resolution, low-cost method to use operation room. In this study, we aimed investigate...

Stereological methods are designed to describe quantitative parameters without making assumptions about size, shape, orientation and distribution of cells or structures. These have been revolutionary for analysis the mammalian brain, in which volumetric cell populations too high count manually, stereology is now technique choice whenever estimates three-dimensional quantities need be extracted from measurements on two-dimensional sections. All stereological principle unbiased; however, they...

Objective Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regularly used to treat patients with severe major depression, but the mechanisms underlying beneficial effects remain uncertain. stimulation (ECS) regulates diverse neurotransmitter systems and induces anticonvulsant effects, properties implicated in mediating therapeutic of ECT. Somatostatin (SST) a candidate for these because it upregulated by ECS exerts seizure-suppressant effects. However, little known about how might affect SST receptor...