Obesity has been a major concern in the horse industry for many years, and recent discovery of leptin receptors numerous nonequine species provided basis new approaches to study this problem equine. The objectives were to: 1) clone partial sequence ofthe equine receptor genes so as enable design primers RT-PCR determination gene presence distribution tissues, 2) develop radioimmunoassay quantify peripheral concentrations equine, 3) determine if correlate with body condition scores 4)...

Leptin has been implicated in the regulation of feed intake, growth, and reproduction. The objective this study was to determine if centrally administered leptin would affect intake secretion growth hormone (GH) luteinizing (LH) ewe lambs. Eighteen lambs were ovariectomized fitted with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulae. Lambs randomly assigned receive either a maintenance diet (fed), or that provided 38% requirements (diet-restricted) for 14 weeks. Subsequently, recombinant ovine...

The objective of these experiments was to establish the relationship plasma ghrelin concentrations with feed intake and hormones indicative nutritional state cattle. In Exp.1, 4 steers (BW 450 +/- 14.3 kg) were used in a crossover design compare feed-deprived those allowed consume GH, insulin (INS), glucose (GLU), NEFA. After adaptation once-daily offering (0800), 2 continued feeding schedule (FED), whereas withheld from other (FAST). Serial blood samples collected via indwelling jugular...

Livestock activity can modify soil properties by degrading structure, increasing bulk density, and reducinginfiltration rate. Impacts of grazing on compaction were studied rangeland in the tallgrass prairie region ofOklahoma. Rotational treatments included low (12.5 cows/ha), medium (25 high (50 cows/ha) stockingdensities with ungrazed pastures used as control sites. Soil was assessed 10 years after wereinstalled using penetration resistance, rate water infiltration. Longterm livestock...

<i>Background/Aims:</i> Growth hormone (GH) is necessary for optimal reproductive efficiency and its secretion influenced by sex steroids. This study was designed to determine whether kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) could stimulate GH if gonadal steroids enhance the response Kp10 in cows. <i>Methods Results:</i> Intravenous injection of at 100 or 200 pmol/kg body weight with without treatment estradiol cypionate and/or progesterone increased luteinizing (p < 0.01) plasma...

Onchocerciasis is a parasitic infection caused by Onchocerca volvulus and has damaging effect on humans. Kogi State communities have been consistently treated with ivermectin for the past ten years. Hence seroprevalence study of onchocerciasis was conducted in five (Ejegbo, Enokpoli, Igalagbo, Ohuhapa Oke-Oba) across four local governments (Ankpa, Olamaboro, Okene Yagba East July 2019. The investigation carried out using SD Bioline IgG4 kit to screen total number 736 participants...

This study was designed to determine the effect of feeding or fasting fat thin ewes on 24-h leptin profiles. Ewes were assigned, based ultrasonic assessments last-rib subcutaneous measurements, into (fat thickness > 1 cm; mean = 1.52 +/- 0.03 range 1.14 2.18 cm) < 0.25 0.84 groups. Fat and then assigned either fed fasted (deprived feed) groups consisting five per group. Thus, four existed designated as fat-fed, fat-fasted, thin-fed, thin-fasted. Fed had ad libitum access feed throughout...

Current methods utilized for serial blood collection in the young pig are limited due to stress and/or discomfort which is exposed. Thus, we have developed a non-surgical, minimally invasive cannulation technique allows jugular vein catheter placement without causing extended or stress. The procedure described rapid (approximately 8 min/pig) and relatively simple, requiring only minimal anaesthesia immobilization of during procedure. Routinely, 2-week-old piglets standing their pens within...

Agriculture in the Upper Washita River Basin represents mixed crop-livestock systems of Southern Plains. Research Little Experimental Watershed and Fort Cobb Reservoir addresses interactive effects variable climate, land use, management on environmental quality. The watershed provides opportunities to explore impacts flood retarding impoundments within a watershed. study agricultural conservation large eutrophic reservoir. Analysis 1940 2005 data from showed that precipitation increased 33%,...

Kisspeptin, a regulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, has been hypothesized as an integrator nutrition and hormones critical to metabolism the regulation reproduction. Growth hormone (GH) is necessary for optimal reproduction recent evidence suggests that its secretion may be influenced by kisspeptin. The objectives this study were determine whether effect kisspeptin stimulate GH release due interaction with growth hormone-releasing (GHRH) or somatostatin (SS), at hypothalamus....

Four ruminally cannulated steers (BW 581 +/- 12.8 kg) were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of prolonged, moderate nutrient restriction on plasma ghrelin concentrations and establish relationship with hormones metabolites indicative nutritional status end products rumen fermentation. A high-grain diet was offered at 240% intake needed for BW maintenance (2.4xM) or 80% (0.8xM). To standardize, all acclimated 2.4xM before initiation treatment periods. During period 1, 2...

Melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4R) are key factors in the depression of appetite during disease. This study was designed to determine role agouti-related protein (AgRP) effect endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) on appetite. Sheep received an intracerebroventricular injection either saline or AgRP (0.5 nmol/kg BW) 1 h before intravenous LPS (0.6 microg/kg at time 0 and again 4 h. Agouti-related prevented reduction feed intake due (P < 0.05). In a second experiment, gene expression unaffected 3...

Knowledge of specific neurotransmitters as well the pathways and mechanisms regulating appetite in ruminants that continually graze, such sheep, is incomplete. Although fundamentally agouti-related protein (AGRP) has a similar function across species to increase food intake, regulation AGRP may vary grazing intermittent feeders. To investigate role orexigenic peptides feed we first extracted messenger RNA from sheep were fasted for 3 days, which was then used PCR followed by cloning...

Appetite is a complex process that results from the integration of multiple signals at hypothalamus. The hypothalamus receives neural signals; hormonal such as leptin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin; nutrient glucose, FFA, AA, VFA. This effect processed by specific sequence neurotransmitters beginning with arcuate nucleus orexigenic cells containing neuropeptide Y or agouti-related protein anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (yielding neurotransmitter α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) expressing...

Abstract Objective —To determine the prevalence and temporal onset of lung lesions in lambs impact on growth affected lambs. Animals —259 crossbred wether from a single flock upper Midwestern United States. Procedure —An observational study was conducted. Lambs born spring fall were slaughtered at finished weight or predetermined time point. Lungs each lamb examined classified as normal, moderate (consolidation &gt; 5% but ≤ 50% any lobe), severe lobe). Data to detect effects severity...

Kisspeptin (Kp) is synthesized in the arcuate nucleus and preoptic area of hypothalamus a regulator gonadotropin releasing hormone hypothalamus. In addition, Kp may regulate additional functions such as increased neuropeptide Y gene expression reduced proopiomelanocortin (POMC) sheep. Other studies have found role for to release growth (GH), prolactin luteinizing (LH) from cattle, rat monkey pituitary cells. Intravenous injection stimulated LH, GH, follicle stimulating some experiments...

Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) agonists with increased half-life and similar efficacy to kisspeptin in vitro may provide beneficial applications breeding management of many species. However, these have not been tested vivo. These studies were designed test compare the effects a KISS1R agonist (FTM080) on luteinizing hormone (LH) In experiment 1 (pilot study), sheep treated FTM080 (500 pmol/kg BW) or sterile water (VEH) intravenosuly. Blood was collected every 15 min before (1 h) after...

In humans and sheep, endotoxin (LPS) administration results in increased growth hormone (GH) concentrations. To determine the role of cytokines effect LPS on GH, sheep were challenged with IL-1β or TNF-α. GH data compared LH, where major effects are known to act via hypothalamus. Intracerebroventricular (icv) TNF-α did not alter plasma concentrations GH. Endotoxin was then administered intravenously (iv) combination icv injection IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), TNF (sTNF-R1), saline....