Abstract Dietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. Here we investigated hitherto unknown effects resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions twenty individuals signs metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin proinflammatory markers blood as well waist circumference % body fat were lower post intervention RS4 group...

The objective of these experiments was to establish the relationship plasma ghrelin concentrations with feed intake and hormones indicative nutritional state cattle. In Exp.1, 4 steers (BW 450 +/- 14.3 kg) were used in a crossover design compare feed-deprived those allowed consume GH, insulin (INS), glucose (GLU), NEFA. After adaptation once-daily offering (0800), 2 continued feeding schedule (FED), whereas withheld from other (FAST). Serial blood samples collected via indwelling jugular...

Early puberty is associated with improved long-term reproductive performance. Predicting who will achieve early limited to intensive, invasive serial blood collections for measurement of hormones. The vaginal genome during pubertal development has potential as biomarkers estrus in the pre-pubertal period. Pre-pubertal gilts (n =13) were followed from d74 ± 3 age until first or d214 1 age. Blood, epithelia, and anogenital distance collected at five timepoints (d74, d104, d130, d160 end...

Persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) serves as a reservoir for the perpetuation of in cattle populations and causes range adverse effects on health host. To study interactions host, gene expression was compared blood persistently infected (PI) uninfected steer, tissues PI fetuses, transiently (TI), fetuses. Microarray analysis steer revealed differential indicative an interferon (IFN) response including genes involved cell cycle regulation, which may contribute to...

The objective of this research was to compare the growth performance, metabolic profile, and nutrient utilization dairy heifers fed camelina meal (CAM), linseed (LIN), or distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). A 12-wk randomized complete block design study conducted using 33 Holstein 9 Brown Swiss (144.8±22d age) 3 treatments. Treatments were 10% diet as CAM, LIN, DDGS (dry matter basis). All diets contained 60% grass hay 40% concentrate mix. Diets balanced corn soybean be...

Four ruminally cannulated steers (BW 581 +/- 12.8 kg) were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of prolonged, moderate nutrient restriction on plasma ghrelin concentrations and establish relationship with hormones metabolites indicative nutritional status end products rumen fermentation. A high-grain diet was offered at 240% intake needed for BW maintenance (2.4xM) or 80% (0.8xM). To standardize, all acclimated 2.4xM before initiation treatment periods. During period 1, 2...

The objective of this study was to determine whether progesterone prevents the stimulatory effects oestradiol on GnRH receptor gene expression. In Expt 1, ewes were treated during luteal phase (days 10-12 oestrous cycle) with either one or five subcutaneous implants containing (n = 6 per group). Control received no treatment 6). Anterior pituitary glands collected 16 h after oestradiol. Steady-state amounts mRNA similar among all three groups despite increased circulating concentrations in...

Body condition scores (BCS) of ovariectomized estradiol-treated ewes were controlled to examine effects suboptimum BCS on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and LH in the anterior pituitary gland, hypophyseal stalk-median eminence (SME), circulation. Serum increased with (1 = emaciated, 9 obese) > 3 (HIGH-BCS), but not ≤ (LOW-BCS), after onset breeding season. Concentrations LHβ subunits glands lower LOW-BCS than HIGH-BCS ewes. IGF-I was did differ SME or...

A study was conducted to determine if Se source fed during gestation and lactation affects passive transfer of immunoglobulins. Sixty days prior breeding (d -60), gilts were randomly assigned one three treatments throughout gestation: control (Control, no supplemental Se; n = 8), inorganic (Inorganic Se, 0.3 ppm; 4) organic (Organic 4). Blood collected on d -60, 57 113 21 milk at 0, 1, 7, 14, lactation. from piglets age. Gilts had greater (P < 0.05) circulating concentrations than Inorganic...

The purpose of this research was to determine whether serum concentrations steroids, IGF-I, and relative amounts IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) differ in growing boars (n = 11), barrows gilts 12) from 70 140 d age. Pigs similar age weight were housed pens three or four given ad libitum access a 17% CP corn-soy diet water. weighed blood samples collected every 14 beginning at Serum IGF-I steroids determined by RIA IGFBP ligand blot analysis. By 84 continuing through age, mean greater (P < .05)...

The aim of this study was to lower the glycogen stores in pork muscle order improve quality by feeding an ultra-high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HIPRO) diet. Forty-eight barrows (average live weight = 92 kg) were assigned across five treatments and two replications (four or pigs per treatment replication combination). All fed a control diet (13.1% CP) until their began. A number days HIPRO prior slaughter (0, 2, 4, 7, 14 d). (35.9% 97% extruded soybeans. Daily feed intake weekly weights...

The objectives of the current experiment were to evaluate effects treating periparturient dairy cows with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on incidence postpartum diseases and performance. Holstein (HO) Jersey (JS) from 2 herds enrolled in at 253 ± 3 d gestation assigned control (n = 432) rbST125 437) treatments. Cows treatment received 125 mg rbST, weekly, −21 21 relative calving. Blood sampled calving, a subsample was used determine concentrations growth hormone (GH, HO 106)...

This study determined whether estradiol regulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the pituitary gland, hypophyseal stalk median eminence (SME), circulation concomitantly with effects on LH. Ovariectomized ewes received an implant or no during anestrous season were slaughtered 80 days later. Estradiol suppressed serum LH to a greater extent anestrus than after onset of breeding (Days 60 75). Amounts mRNA for LHβ subunit decreased by estradiol, but α...

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether oral administration of melatonin alters the onset puberty in gilts during naturally increasing or decreasing daylength. In Exp. 1, 20 crossbred prepubertal weighing 77.5 ± .5 kg at 171.8 1.0 d age assigned randomly receive either a daily dose 3 mg (MEL) ethanol vehicle (ETH) 1530 from August 31 December 1987 (decreasing daylength). Gilts exposed mature boars for min thrice weekly and blood samples collected twice weekly. Serum...

Previous research demonstrated increased plasma ghrelin concentrations in beef cattle when intake of a high-grain diet was restricted. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether differences DMI influenced energy similar but either an anabolic or catabolic state. In Exp. 1, five steers (BW = 592.6 +/- 9.3 kg) offered dietary treatments 1) 50:50 hay:concentrate (HY) meet the NE(m) requirement and supplied additional 3.4 Mcal NE(g) daily, 2) composed 10:90 limit-fed achieve that HY...

The pubertal transition of gonadotropin secretion in pigs is metabolically gated. Kisspeptin (KISS1) and neurokinin B (NKB) are coexpressed neurons within the arcuate nucleus hypothalamus (ARC) thought to play an important role integration nutrition metabolic state with reproductive neuroendocrine axis. hypothesis that circulating concentrations luteinizing hormone (LH) expression KISS1 tachykinin 3(TAC3, encodes NKB) ARC female reduced negative energy balance was tested using...