Charles E. Zartman
A5011459671- Plant and animal studies
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Bryophyte Studies and Records
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Plant and Fungal Species Descriptions
- Fern and Epiphyte Biology
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Plant Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Piperaceae Chemical and Biological Studies
- Forest ecology and management
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Forest Management and Policy
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Indigenous Health and Education
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
National Institute of Amazonian Research
2016-2025
University of Bonn
2023
Natural History Museum of Geneva
2020
University of Edinburgh
2016
Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM
2016
Duke University
2002-2006
The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted study its tree communities to local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on commonness, rarity, richness lowland species across entire Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 plots all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 species, which just 227 (1.4%) account for half trees. Most these are habitat specialists only dominant one or two regions basin. We discuss some...
The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of impacts on forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances 85 woody species domesticated peoples. Domesticated are five times more likely than nondomesticated be hyperdominant. Across basin, relative abundance richness increase around sites. In southwestern eastern Amazonia, distance strongly influences species....
Significance Large floristic datasets that purportedly represent the diversity and composition of Amazon tree flora are being widely used to draw conclusions about patterns evolution plant diversity, but these fundamentally flawed in both their methodology resulting content. We have assembled a comprehensive dataset Amazonian seed species from published sources includes falsifiable data based on voucher specimens identified by taxonomic specialists. This growing list should serve as basis...
The accurate mapping of forest carbon stocks is essential for understanding the global cycle, assessing emissions from deforestation, and rational land-use planning. Remote sensing (RS) currently key tool this purpose, but RS does not estimate vegetation biomass directly, thus may miss significant spatial variations in structure. We test stated accuracy pantropical maps using a large independent field dataset.Tropical forests Amazon basin. permanent archive plot data can be accessed at:...
Within the tropics, species richness of tree communities is strongly and positively associated with precipitation. Previous research has suggested that this macroecological pattern driven by negative effect water‐stress on physiological processes most species. This implies range limits taxa are defined their ability to occur under dry conditions, thus in terms distributions predicts a nested distribution from wet areas. However, ‘dry‐tolerance’ hypothesis yet be adequately tested at large...
Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare not often incorporated into land-use policy conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical projected deforestation to show that at least 36% up 57% all tree likely qualify as globally threatened under International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number on Earth by 22%. trends observed in Amazonia apply trees throughout...
Abstract Premise Bryophytes form a major component of terrestrial plant biomass, structuring ecological communities in all biomes. Our understanding the evolutionary history hornworts, liverworts, and mosses has been significantly reshaped by inferences from molecular data, which have highlighted extensive homoplasy various traits repeated bursts diversification. However, timing key events phylogeny, patterns, processes diversification across bryophytes remain unclear. Methods Using GoFlag...
Abstract Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) occurrence data, given their huge numbers accessibility. NHCs often spatially biased which may generate inaccuracies SDMs. Here, we test how the of predictions relates to a spatial abundance model, based on large plot dataset for Amazonian tree species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also propose new pipeline...
Abstract. Advances in forest carbon mapping have the potential to greatly reduce uncertainties global budget and facilitate effective emissions mitigation strategies such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation Forest Degradation). Though broad-scale is based primarily on remote sensing data, accuracy of resulting stock estimates depends critically quality field measurements calibration procedures. The mismatch spatial scales between inventory plots larger pixels current planned...
Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is globally important in ecosystem functioning and agriculture, yet the evolutionary history of nodulation remains focus considerable debate. Recent evidence suggesting a single origin followed by massive parallel losses raises questions about why few lineages N
Indigenous societies are known to have occupied the Amazon basin for more than 12,000 years, but scale of their influence on Amazonian forests remains uncertain. We report discovery, using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) information from across basin, 24 previously undetected pre-Columbian earthworks beneath forest canopy. Modeled distribution abundance large-scale archaeological sites Amazonia suggest that between 10,272 23,648 remain be discovered most will found in southwest. also...
Abstract Amazonia’s floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding their species composition how this may differ from surrounding forest types still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin reshape tree communities critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns tree-species turnover...
Abstract Aim Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or forest types. Location Amazonia. Taxon Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods Data for the abundance of 5082 in...
Tropical deforestation is a progressive process resulting in the conversion of rain forest into mosaic mature fragments, pasture, and degraded habitat. Understanding long-term effects habitat fragmentation on tropical plant community structure critical to predicting how alterations landscape will impact biodiversity. The objective this study was examine composition, abundance, species richness epiphyllous (leaf-inhabiting) bryophytes. I conducted research an experimentally fragmented reserve...
Recent deep-level phylogenies of the basal papilionoid legumes (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) have resolved many clades, yet left phylogenetic placement several genera unassessed. The phylogenetically enigmatic Amazonian monospecific genus Petaladenium had been believed to be close Genistoid Ormosieae clade. In this paper we provide first DNA study and show it is not part large clade, but a new branch Amburaneae one first-diverging lineages Papilionoideae phylogeny. This result supported by...
Abstract Question How do soil fertility, neighbourhood host tree composition and bark characteristics influence community attributes of vascular epiphytes in a central Amazonian forest? Location Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil. Methods The abundances all species were recorded from 300 trees with DBH >30 cm. Phorophytes distributed among 30 sample plots established lowland, slope upland habitats, classified into five types (rough, peeling, fissured, smooth, rugose)....
Abstract Spirotropis (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) is a Neotropical genus of trees that has long remained circumscribed to just one species, S. longifolia . Evidence from previous molecular phylogenetic analyses nuclear and plastid loci morphological features supports expanding its circumscription encompass species the polyphyletic Clathrotropis s.l. are widely distributed in Amazonian forests. Here, we reassess evolutionary relationships based on new plastome‐wide phylogenomic analysis...
ABSTRACT Species variation in relation to habitat differences may offer valuable insights into understanding population divergence and speciation itself. In central Amazonia, phenotypic phenological of four bryophytes - Octoblepharum albidum, pulvinatum, Leucobryum martianum Pilosium chlorophyllum were investigated among white-sands terra-firme plateaus examine whether relate trait variation. three the species, sexual expression was significantly more restricted temporally drier type...
Forest fragmentation demonstrably alters plant species composition, distribution, and diversity, and, in turn, may affect the availability of food resources for primary consumers. We investigated to what extent affected diets 6 groups bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes chiropotes) living two 10-ha fragments, 100-ha "fragments" that were no longer fully isolated, 2 areas continuous forest central Amazonia. When changes occurred we tested whether differences diet due by comparing prevalence...
Abstract. Advances in forest carbon mapping have the potential to greatly reduce uncertainties global budget and facilitate effective emissions mitigation strategies such as REDD+. Though broad scale is based primarily on remote sensing data, accuracy of resulting stock estimates depends critically quality field measurements calibration procedures. The mismatch spatial scales between inventory plots larger pixels current planned products for biomass particular concern, it has introduce...
Abstract Vascular epiphytes are a diverse and conspicuous component of biodiversity in tropical subtropical forests. Yet, the patterns drivers epiphyte assemblages poorly studied comparison with soil‐rooted plants. Current knowledge about diversity mainly stems from local studies or floristic inventories, but this information has not yet been integrated to allow better understanding large‐scale distribution patterns. EpIG‐DB, first database on at continental scale, resulted an exhaustive...