Finite element head (FE) models are important numerical tools to study injuries and develop protection systems. The generation of anatomically accurate subject-specific with conforming hexahedral meshes remains a significant challenge. focus this is present two developmental works: first, an detailed FE model that has smooth interfaces between the brain cerebrospinal fluid, embedded white matter (WM) fiber tracts; second, morphing approach for via new hierarchical image registration pipeline...

Bicycle helmets are shown to offer protection against head injuries. Rating methods and test standards used evaluate different helmet designs safety performance. Both strain-based injury criteria obtained from finite element brain models metrics derived global kinematic responses can be Little is known about how or would rank rate helmets. The objective of this study was determine eight based on kinematics a large number bicycle (n=17) subjected oblique impacts. results showed that the...

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Finite element-based head models are promising tools for enhanced prediction, mitigation prevention. The reliability such depends heavily on adequate representation the brain-skull interaction. Nevertheless, interface has been largely simplified in previous three-dimensional without accounting fluid behaviour cerebrospinal (CSF) its mechanical interaction with skull. In this study, previously developed model modified as...

Relative motion between the brain and skull deformation are biomechanics aspects associated with many types of traumatic injury (TBI). Thus far, there is only one experimental endeavor (Hardy et al., 2007) reported strain under loading conditions commensurate levels that were capable producing injury. Most existing finite element (FE) head models validated against brain-skull relative then used for TBI prediction based on metrics. However, suitability using a model remains to be determined....

Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) caused by bridging vein (BV) rupture is a frequent and lethal brain injury, especially in the elderly. Brain atrophy has been hypothesized to be primary pathogenesis associated with increased risk of ASDH Although decades biomechanical endeavors have made elucidate potential mechanisms, thorough explanation for this hypothesis appears lacking. Therefore, recently improved finite element head model, which brain-skull interface was modeled using fluid-structure...

Periventricular injury is frequently noted as one aspect of severe traumatic brain (TBI) and the presence ventricles has been hypothesized to be a primary pathogenesis associated with prevalence periventricular in patients TBI. Although substantial endeavors have made elucidate potential mechanism, thorough explanation for this hypothesis appears lacking. In study, three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model human head an accurate representation cerebral developed accounting fluid...

Sports concussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) caused by an impulsive force transmitted to the head. While recognized as complex pathophysiological process affecting at multiple scales, causal link between external load and cellular, molecular level damage in mTBI remains elusive. The present study proposes multiscale framework analyze demonstrates its applicability with real-life case. analysis starts from inputting mouth guard-recorded head kinematic into detailed finite...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an alarming global public health issue with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although the causal link between external insults consequent remains largely elusive, both strain rate are generally recognized as crucial factors for TBI onsets. With respect to flourishment of strain-based investigation, ambiguity inconsistency noted in scheme calculation within research community. Furthermore, there no experimental data that can be used validate responses finite...

CD24 is a highly glycosylated mucin-like antigen on the cell surface, which has recently emerged as novel oncogene and metastasis promoter. We performed bioinformatics analysis to investigate whether can serve prognostic indicator in breast cancer.CD24 expression was assessed using SAGE Genie tools Oncomine analysis. The PrognoScan database, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, bc-GenExMiner were used identify roles of cancer.We found that more frequently overexpressed cancer than normal tissue correlated...

Brain strain secondary to head impact or inertial loading is closely associated with pathologic observations in the brain. The only experimental brain dataset under loadings close traumatic levels was calculated by imposing experimentally measured motion of markers embedded an auxiliary model formed triad elements (Hardy et al., 2007). However, fidelity as well suitability using for three-dimensional (3D) estimation remains be verified. Therefore, this study proposes use tetrahedron a new...

Finite element (FE) models of the human head are valuable instruments to explore mechanobiological pathway from external loading, localized brain response, and resultant injury risks. The predictability these depends on use effective criteria as predictors. FE-derived normal deformation along white matter (WM) fiber tracts (i.e., tract-oriented strain) recently has been suggested an appropriate predictor for axonal injury. However, strain only represents a partial depiction WM tract...

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a critical public health issue with its pathogenesis remaining largely elusive. Finite element (FE) head models are promising tools to bridge the gap between mechanical insult, localized brain response, and resultant injury. In particular, FE-derived deformation along direction of white matter (WM) tracts (i.e., tract-oriented strain) has been shown be an appropriate predictor for TAI. The evolution fiber orientation in time during impact potential influence...

Hippocampal injury is common in traumatic brain (TBI) patients, but the underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesize that presence of adjacent fluid-containing temporal horn exacerbates biomechanical vulnerability hippocampus. Two finite element models human head were used to investigate hypothesis, one with and without horn, both including a detailed hippocampal subfield delineation. A fluid-structure interaction coupling approach was simulate brain-ventricle...

To combat the global fatality rates among vulnerable road users (VRUs), prioritizing research on head injury mechanisms and human tolerance levels in vehicle-to-VRU traffic collisions is imperative. A foundational step for VRU prevention often to create virtual reconstructions of real-world collisions. Thus, efficient trustworthy reconstruction tools are needed make use recent advances accident data collection routines Finite Element (FE) body modeling. In this study, a comprehensive...

Finite element human body models (HBMs) are becoming increasingly important numerical tools for traffic safety. Developing a validated and reliable HBM from the start requires integrated efforts continues to be challenging task. Mesh morphing is an efficient technique generate personalized HBMs accounting individual anatomy once baseline model has been developed. This study presents new image registration-based mesh method HBMs. The demonstrated by four (SAFER, THUMS, VIVA+ in both seated...

Ski racing is a high-risk sport for traumatic brain injury. A better understanding of the injury mechanisms and development effective protective equipment remains central to resolving this urgency. Finite element (FE) models are useful tools studying biomechanical responses brain, especially in real-world ski accidents. However, accidents often captured by handheld monocular cameras; videos shaky lack depth information, making it difficult estimate reliable impact velocities posture which...

Playground-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in children remain a considerable problem world-wide and current safety standards are being questioned due to historical reasons where the injury thresholds had been perpetuated from automobile industry. Here we investigated head mechanisms falls on playgrounds using previously developed validated age-scalable positionable whole body child model impacted at front, back side of simulating head-first 1.59 meters (m). The results show that...