A predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. To accurately predict the characteristics of nanoscale CMOS, emerging physical effects, such as process variations and correlations among parameters, must be included. In this paper, a new generation technology (PTM) developed to accomplish goal. Based on models early-stage silicon data, PTM bulk CMOS successfully generated 130- 32-nm nodes, with an L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

A formula is derived, which shows that the subthreshold swing of field-effect interband tunnel transistors not limited to 60 mV/dec as in MOSFET. This consistent with two recent reports transistors, show lower than 60-mV/dec swings and provides simple design principles for configuring these transistors. One suggests placing gate adjacent junction. Modeling this configuration verifies sub-60-mV/dec possible.

X-ray detectors are widely utilized in medical diagnostics and nondestructive product inspection. Halide perovskites recently demonstrated as excellent candidates for direct detection. However, it is still challenging to obtain high quality with millimeter-thick over a large area performance, stable detectors. Here, methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3 Bi2 I9 ) polycrystalline pellets (PPs) developed by robust, cost effective, scalable cold isostatic-pressing fabricating low limit of detection...

Sensitive and reliable X-ray detectors are essential for medical radiography, industrial inspection security screening. Lowering the radiation dose allows reduced health risks increased frequency fidelity of diagnostic technologies earlier detection disease its recurrence. Three-dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites promising direct – they show improved sensitivity compared to conventional detectors. However, their high unstable dark current, caused by ion...

We investigate a concept for making large area, flat‐panel detector digital radiology. It employs an x‐ray sensitive photoconductor to convert incident x‐radiation charge image which is then electronically read out with area integrated circuit. The circuit, also called active matrix, consists of two‐dimensional array thin film transistors (TFTs). potential advantages the radiography include: instantaneous radiographs without operator intervention; compact size approaching that screen‐film...

A predictive MOSFET model is critical for early circuit design research. In this work, a new generation of Predictive Technology Model (PTM) developed, covering emerging physical effects and alternative structures, such as the double-gate device (i.e., FinFET). Based on models stage silicon data, PTM bulk devices are successfully generated from 130nm to 32nm technology nodes, with effective channel length down 13nm. By tuning only ten primary parameters, can be easily customized cover wide...

A flat-panel x-ray imaging detector using a layer of amorphous selenium (a-Se) for direct conversion x rays (to charge) and an active matrix self-scanned readout is being investigated digital radiology. theoretical analysis the spatial frequency dependent detective quantum efficiency (DQE(f)) a-Se performed based on model signal noise propagation in cascaded system. Because high intrinsic resolution pixelated method, such detectors are inherently undersampled aliasing present. The...

Columnar structured cesium iodide (CsI) scintillators doped with Thallium (Tl) have been used extensively for indirect x‐ray imaging detectors. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology systematic investigation the inherent performance CsI as function thickness and design type. results will facilitate optimization layer different applications, allow validation physical models developed light channeling process in columnar layers. samples types thicknesses were obtained from same...

Sports-related concussion is a major public health problem in the United States and yet its biomechanical mechanisms remain unclear. In vitro studies demonstrate axonal elongation as potential injury mechanism; however, current response-based predictors (e.g., maximum principal strain, ε(ep)) typically do not incorporate orientations. We investigated significance of white matter (WM) fiber orientation strain estimation compared (ε(n)) with ε(ep) for 11 athletes clinical diagnosis concussion....

Our development of multifunctional dual-modal imaging probes aims to integrate the benefits from both second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence (1000-1700 nm) and photoacoustic with an ultimate goal improving overall cancer diagnosis efficacy. Herein we designed a donor-acceptor chromophore based nanoparticle (DAP) as image contrast agent has strong absorption in NIR-I window emission peak NIR-II region. The DAPs composed D-π-A-π-D-type chromophores were PEGylated through nanoprecipitation....

Nanoparticle-based radio-sensitizers can amplify the effects of radiation therapy on tumor tissue even at relatively low concentrations while reducing potential side to healthy surrounding tissues. In this study, we investigated a hybrid anisotropic nanostructure, composed gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), as radio-sensitizer for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). contrast other gold-based radio sensitizers, dumbbell-like Au-TiO2 nanoparticles (DATs) show synergistic therapeutic...

Segmentation of liver in abdominal computed tomography (CT) is an important step for radiation therapy planning hepatocellular carcinoma. Practically, a fully automatic segmentation remains challenging because low soft tissue contrast between and its surrounding organs, highly deformable shape. The purpose this work to develop novel superpixel-based boundary sensitive convolutional neural network (SBBS-CNN) pipeline automated segmentation. entire CT images were first partitioned into...

Bicycle helmets are shown to offer protection against head injuries. Rating methods and test standards used evaluate different helmet designs safety performance. Both strain-based injury criteria obtained from finite element brain models metrics derived global kinematic responses can be Little is known about how or would rank rate helmets. The objective of this study was determine eight based on kinematics a large number bicycle (n=17) subjected oblique impacts. results showed that the...

The automatic diagnosis of various conventional ophthalmic diseases from fundus images is important in clinical practice. However, developing such solutions challenging due to the requirement a large amount training data and expensive annotations for medical images. This paper presents novel self-supervised learning framework retinal disease reduce annotation efforts by visual features unlabeled To achieve this, we present rotation-oriented collaborative method that explores rotation-related...

Abstract Background Positron emission tomography (PET) has had a transformative impact on oncological and neurological applications. However, still much of PET's potential remains untapped with limitations primarily driven by low spatial resolution, which severely hampers accurate quantitative PET imaging via the partial volume effect (PVE). Purpose We present experimental results practical cost‐effective ultra‐high resolution brain‐dedicated scanner, using our depth‐encoding Prism‐PET...

Abstract Metal halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising candidates for next‐generation X‐ray detectors due to their facile and low‐cost processability, high attenuation coefficient, tunable optoelectrical properties. In this work, quasi‐2D Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) are introduced in a flat panel imager (FPXI) imaging. This study demonstrates that the diammonium interlayers DJ play key role enhancing structural stability, suppressing ion migration, improving charge transport. As result,...

Our work is to investigate and understand the factors affecting imaging performance of amorphous selenium flat-panel detectors for digital mammography. Both theoretical experimental methods were developed spatial frequency dependent detective quantum efficiency a-Se Since K edge 12.66 keV within energy range a mammographic spectrum, model was based on cascaded linear system analysis with parallel processes take into account effect fluorescence modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power...

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a three‐dimensional (3D) x‐ray imaging modality that reconstructs image slices parallel to the detector plane. Image acquisition performed using limited angular range (less than ) and number of projection views 50 views). Due incomplete data sampling, artifacts are unavoidable in DBT. In this preliminary study, DBT were investigated systematically linear system approximation. A cascaded model was developed calculate 3D presampling modulation transfer...

The optimization of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) geometry and reconstruction is crucial for the clinical translation this exciting new imaging technique. In present work, authors developed a three‐dimensional (3D) cascaded linear system model DBT to investigate effects detector performance, geometry, image algorithm on reconstructed quality. characteristics prototype equipped with an amorphous selenium flat‐panel filtered backprojection were used as example in implementation model....

In breast tomosynthesis there is a compromise between resolution, noise, and acquisition speed for given glandular dose. The purpose of the present work to develop simulation platform investigate potential imaging performance many possible system configurations. was used dependence image blur signal difference noise ratio (SDNR) several different Simulated projections slanted thin tungsten wire placed in object planes were modified according detector's modulation transfer function (MTF),...