McAllister, T. A., Beauchemin, K. Alazzeh, A. Y., Baah, J., Teather, R. M. and Stanford, 2011. Review: The use of direct fed microbials to mitigate pathogens enhance production in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 193–211. Direct-fed (DFM) have been employed ruminant for over 30 yr. Originally, DFM were used primarily young ruminants accelerate establishment the intestinal microflora involved feed digestion promote gut health. Further advancements led more sophisticated mixtures that are...

Chitosan−alginate microcapsules were evaluated as a method of oral delivery IgY antibodies. Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficiency (EE%), the loading capacity for (IgY percentage, %, w/w microcapsules), gastro-resistance, and release characteristics these in vitro under varying pH investigated. Optimum physical factors established preparation homogeneous, spherical, smooth microcapsules. loading% was not significantly altered by medium. Encapsulation highest (73.93%) at 3.5,...

Macrolides are the first-line treatment against bovine respiratory disease, and also used to treat infections in humans. The macrolide, tylosin phosphate, is often included diet of cattle as a preventative for liver abscesses many regions world outside Europe. This study investigated effects administering macrolides beef either systemically through single subcutaneous injection (therapeutic) or continuously in-feed (subtherapeutic), on prevalence antimicrobial resistance Mannheimia...

The T1-like bacteriophages vB_EcoS_AHP24, AHS24, AHP42 and AKS96 of the family Siphoviridae were shown to lyse common phage types Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7), but not non-O157 E. coli. All contained circularly permuted genomes 45.7-46.8 kb (43.8-44 mol% G+C) encoding 74-81 open reading frames 1 arginyl-tRNA. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that structural proteins identical among four phages. Further proteomic analysis...

During outbreaks of infectious animal diseases, composting may be an effective method disposing mortalities and potentially contaminated manure. Duplicate biosecure structures containing 16 cattle ( Bos taurus ) (343 kg average weight) were constructed with carcasses placed on a 40‐cm straw layer overlaid 160 cm feedlot At depth 80 (P80), compost heated rapidly, exceeding 55°C after 8 d maintained temperatures 55 to 65°C for > 35 d. Temperatures at (P160) failed exceed 55°C, but remained...

Despite multiple control measures, Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) continues to be responsible for many food borne outbreaks in North America and elsewhere. Bacteriophage therapy may prove useful controlling this pathogen the host, their environment food. vB_EcoS_AKFV33 (AKFV33), a T5-like phage of Siphoviridae lysed common types STEC not non-O157 E. coli. Moreover, isolated from same feedlot pen which was obtained, were highly susceptible AKFV33. Adsorption rate constant burst size...

The objectives of this study were to characterize the phenotype and genotype 36 non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from humans, ovines, or bovines, including top 6 (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145) three other serogroups implicated in serious illness (O91, O113, O128). Biofilms formed by all with intermediate strong biofilm producers (n = 24) more common at 22°C than 37°C (p < 0.001) 48 72 h 24 incubation time. Biofilm-forming potential differed...

Pooled feces collected over two years from 1749 transport trailers hauling western-Canadian slaughter cattle were analysed by PCR for detection of Escherichia coli serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157. Sequential immunomagnetic separation was then used to collect bacterial isolates (n = 1035) positive target serogroups. Isolated bacteria tested confirm serogroup the presence eae, ehxA, stx1, stx2 virulence genes. Based on screening, prevalence in ranged 7.0% (O145) 94.4%...

Tylosin phosphate is a macrolide commonly administered to cattle in North America for the control of liver abscesses. This study investigated effect in-feed administration tylosin at subtherapeutic levels and its subsequent withdrawal on resistance using enterococci as an indicator bacterium. Fecal samples were collected from steers that received no antibiotics (11 ppm) 197 days withdrawn 28 before slaughter. Enterococcus species isolated fecal identified through sequencing groES-EL...

Over a two-year period, Mannheimia haemolytica (MH; n = 113), Pasteurella multocida (PM; 47), Histophilus somni (HS; 41) and Mycoplasma bovis (MB; 227) were isolated from bovine lung tissue at necropsy cattle raised conventionally (CON, 29 feedlots) or without antimicrobials [natural (NAT), 2 feedlots]. Excluding MB, isolates assayed by PCR to detect the presence of 13 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes five core associated with integrative conjugative elements (ICEs). Antimicrobial...

Forming biofilm is a strategy utilized by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) to survive and persist in food processing environments. We investigated the biofilm-forming potential of STEC strains from 10 clinically important serogroups on stainless steel at 22 °C or 13 after 24, 48, 72 h incubation. Results crystal violet staining, plate counts, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified single isolate each O113, O145, O91, O157, O121 that was capable forming strong moderate...

Effectiveness of bacteriophages AKFV33 ( Tequintavirus , T5) and AHP24 Rogunavirus T1), wV7 Tequatrovirus T4), AHP24S Vequintavirus rV5), as well 11 cocktails combinations the four phages, were evaluated in vitro for biocontrol six common phage types Escherichia coli O157 (human bovine origins) at different multiplicities infection (MOIs; 0.01–1,000), temperatures (37 or 22°C), exposure times (10–22 h). Phage efficacy against was highest MOI 1,000 P &amp;lt; 0.001) after 14-18 h 22°C 0.001)....

Abstract Despite the immense diversity of tailed bacteriophages, they are traditionally classified as either virulent or temperate, with only latter thought capable long-term persistence in bacterial cells through lysogeny. Virulent phages, characterized by their obligatory lytic cycle, assumed to lack ability persist within colonies, and infection is expected decimate host population under in-vitro conditions. Consequently, when isolates cultured for sequencing, resulting assemblies not...