A5000297594- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Music Therapy and Health
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Intracranial Aneurysms: Treatment and Complications
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Frailty in Older Adults
- Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
- Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
University of Reading
2015-2021
University of Oxford
2011-2021
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
2012-2021
Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre
2017
John Radcliffe Hospital
2011-2015
The dopaminergic innervation of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is implicated in selection and integration motivationally relevant corticolimbic information that governs behavioral output. However, it unknown whether innervations two anatomically distinct subregions NAc, core shell, have differential roles this gating process, mechanisms are important regulating balance limbic control over appetitive behavior at point learning. Having previously shown repeated systemic pretreatment with...
Breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often discordant with airway pathophysiology ("over-perception"). Pulmonary rehabilitation profoundly affects breathlessness, without influencing lung function. Learned associations influence brain mechanisms of sensory perception. We hypothesised that improvements breathlessness may be explained by changing neural representations learned associations. In 31 patients COPD, we tested how altered the relationship between...
<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Dyspnea is the major source of disability in COPD. In COPD, environmental cues (eg, prospect having to climb stairs) become associated with dyspnea and may trigger even before physical activity commences. We hypothesized that brain activation relating such would be different between patients COPD healthy control subjects, reflecting greater engagement emotional mechanisms patients. <h3>METHODS</h3> Using functional MRI (FMRI), we investigated responses dyspnea-related...
Opioid painkillers are a promising treatment for chronic breathlessness, but associated with potentially fatal side effects. In the of their mechanisms action unclear. A better understanding might help to identify safer alternatives. Learned associations between previously neutral stimuli (e.g. stairs) and repeated breathlessness induce an anticipatory threat response that may worsen contributing downward spiral decline seen in clinical populations. As opioids known influence associative...
Breathlessness debilitates millions of people with chronic illness. Mismatch between breathlessness severity and objective disease markers is common poorly understood. Traditionally, sensory perception was conceptualised as a stimulus-response relationship, although this cannot explain how conditioned symptoms may occur in the absence physiological signals from lungs or airways. A Bayesian model now proposed, which brain generates sensations based on expectations learnt past experiences...
Trans-diagnostic, domain- or symptom-focused approaches have been heralded as advancing psychiatric research, but relatively few clinical research programmes undertaken to leverage their potential. In this manuscript we describe the approach and protocol for an exploratory study, PRISM (Psychiatric Ratings using Intermediate Stratified Markers), that will be conducted explore biomarkers in schizophrenia (SZ) Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may related a common symptom, social withdrawal. Patient...
Patients with chronic dyspnoea may learn to fear situations that cue onset. Such dyspnoea-specific cues then cause anxiety, and worsen or trigger even before commencement of physical activity. We therefore developed an experimental tool probe emotional processing for use neuroimaging in COPD. The consists a computerised task comprising multiple presentations dyspnoea-related word subsequent rating dyspnoea-anxiety visual analogue scale. Following 3 development stages, sensitivity clinical...
Investigating how intrathoracic pressure changes affect cerebral blood flow (CBF) is important for a clear interpretation of neuroimaging data in patients with abnormal respiratory physiology, intensive care receiving mechanical ventilation and research paradigms that manipulate pressure.Here, we investigated the effect experimentally increased decreased pressures upon CBF stimulus-evoked response to visual stimulation.Twenty healthy volunteers received intermittent inspiratory expiratory...
Increasing evidence points to the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) their dopaminergic innervations subserving opposing roles in regulation instrumental behavior. However, it is at present unclear if they hold similar Pavlovian learning. The study investigated role PL IL modulation appetitive cue place conditioning, previously shown be dependent on basolateral amygdala hippocampus, respectively. Rats received preconditioning microinfusions...
Resistive respiratory loading is an established stimulus for the induction of experimental dyspnoea. In comparison to unloaded breathing, resistive loaded breathing alters end-tidal CO2 (P(ET)CO2), which has independent physiological effects (e.g. upon cerebral blood flow). We investigated subjective with stabilized P(ET)CO2 (isocapnia) during manual control inspired gases on varying baseline levels mild hypercapnia (increased P(ET)CO2). Furthermore, investigate whether perceptual...
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage often leads to death and poor clinical outcome. Injury occurring during the first 72 hours is termed "early brain injury," with disruption of nitric oxide pathway playing an important pathophysiologic role in its development. Quantitative electroencephalographic variables, such as α/δ frequency ratio, are surrogate markers cerebral ischemia. This study assessed quantitative response a donor (intravenous sodium nitrite) explore whether this correlates...
Brain biomarkers of pain, including pain-predictive "signatures" based on brain activity, can provide measures neurophysiological processes and potential targets for interventions. A central issue relates to the specificity such measures, understanding their current limits will both advance development explore potentially generalizable properties pain other states. Here, we used 2 data sets test neurologic signature (NPS), an established neuromarker. In study 1, activity was measured using...
ABSTRACT Background Breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often discordant with airway pathophysiology (“over-perception”). Pulmonary rehabilitation has profound effects upon breathlessness, without influencing lung function. Learned associations can influence brain mechanisms of sensory perception. We therefore hypothesised that improvements breathlessness may be explained by changing neural representations learned associations, reducing “over-perception”....
Background: Behavioral tasks focusing on different subdomains of reward processing may provide more objective and quantifiable measures anhedonia impaired motivation compared with clinical scales. Typically, single are used in relatively small studies to compare cases controls one indication, but they rarely included larger multisite trials. This is due limited systematic standardization as well the challenges deployment international stringent adherence high regulatory requirements for data...
<h3>Introduction</h3> Breathlessness is the main cause of suffering in COPD. Its brain mechanisms remain poorly understood, yet may represent a novel therapeutic avenue. Until now, functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies breathlessness have been limited to experiments healthy volunteers. FMRI demonstrates that imagination painful events engages same networks responsible for perception physical pain. We adapted this technique identify areas hypothesised controls would demonstrate...
Abstract Breathlessness debilitates millions of people with chronic illness. Mismatch between breathlessness severity and objective disease markers is common poorly understood. Traditionally, sensory perception was conceptualised as a stimulus-response relationship, although this cannot explain how conditioned symptoms may occur in the absence physiological signals from lungs or airways. A Bayesian model now proposed which brain generates sensations based on expectations learned past...
Abstract Quantifying pain currently relies upon subjective self-report. Alongside the inherent variability embedded within these metrics, added complications include influence of ambiguous or prolonged noxious inputs, in situations when communication may be compromised. As such, there is continued interest development brain biomarkers pain, such as form neural ‘signatures’ activity. However, issues pertaining to pain-related specificity remain, and by understanding current limits signatures...