Abstract Objective To investigate the volume kinetic between 2 crystalloid fluid bolus rates in anesthetized cats. Design Prospective, randomized, dose–response study. Setting University laboratory. Animals Ten convenience‐sample, purpose‐bred domestic shorthair and medium hair Interventions Intravenous 20 mL/kg balanced over 10 (G10) or 40 (G40) minutes under anesthesia a randomized order with at least 5‐day washout period. Measurements Main Results Serial measurements of hemoglobin (Hb)...

Abstract Objective —To evaluate the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters of enrofloxacin and a low dose amikacin administered via regional IV limb perfusion (RILP) in standing horses. Animals —14 adult Procedures —Standing horses (7 horses/group) received either (1.5 mg/kg) or (250 mg) RILP (involving tourniquet application) 1 forelimb. Samples interstitial fluid (collected implanted capillary ultrafiltration devices) from bone marrow (BMIF) third metacarpal overlying subcutaneous...

We administered multiple doses of ciprofloxacin intravenously over 30 min every 12 h for 1 week to nine healthy volunteers. Three volunteers received a placebo (vehicle) intravenously. Doses 100, 150, and 200 mg were evaluated with 1-week wash-out period intervening between each dose level. Terminal excretion half-lives averaged 3.67 +/- 0.65, 3.60 0.26, 4.00 0.69 the 100-, 150-, 200-mg doses, respectively. Serum clearances 30.1 3.4, 29.8 4.0, 26.9 4.1 liters/h per 1.73 m2 these doses. Urine...

The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin was investigated in healthy, mature ponies. Ciprofloxacin administered intravenously to six ponies at a dose 5 mg per kg body weight. Seven days later, orally each pony the same dose. Intravenous concentration vs. time data best fit two‐compartment open model with first‐order elimination from central compartment. Mean plasma half‐life, based on terminal phase, 15 7.8 9 min (harmonic mean). Total clearance 18.12 ± 3.99 mL/min/kg. Volume distribution...

As part of a study thyroid function in premature babies, the iodine content their mothers' breast milk, that 32 formulas from different brands used Spain, and 127 other countries was determined. Breast milk contained more iodine--mean (SEM) 10 (1) microgram/dl--than most formulas, especially those for babies. Iodine intakes were therefore below recommended daily amount (RDA) newborns: babies 27-30 weeks' gestational age took 3.1 (1.1) micrograms/day at 5 days 29.8 (2.7) micrograms by 2...

Objective: To describe in vitro elution characteristics of amikacin and vancomycin from calcium sulfate hemihydrate 98% (plaster Paris, POP) beads characterize eluent inhibition Staphylococcus spp. Study Design: Experimental study. Methods: POP were impregnated with or alone combination then incubated for 84 days at 37°C plastic tubes containing sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Beads no antimicrobial served as negative control. intermittently moved to a new tube drug-free PBS....

The purpose of this study was to assess safety and alterations in body fluid concentrations voriconazole normal horses on days 7 14 following once daily dose 4 mg/kg orally for days. Body drug were determined by the use high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On day 7, mean plasma, peritoneal, synovial cerebrospinal fluids, aqueous humor, epithelial lining (ELF), urine 1.47 +/- 0.63, 0.61 0.22, 0.70 0.20, 0.62 0.26, 0.55 0.32, 79.45 69.4, 1.83 0.44 microg/mL respectively. Mean ELF...

To determine in vitro release profiles, transcorneal permeation, and ocular injection characteristics of a voriconazole-containing thermogel suitable for into the subconjunctival space (SCS).In rate voriconazole (0.3% 1.5%) from poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide-b-ethylene glycol-b-DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) was determined 28 days. A Franz cell diffusion chamber used to evaluate equine transscleral permeation (1.5% topical solution, 0.3% 1.5% voriconazole-thermogel) 24 hours....

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics lidocaine in mature Holstein cows following an inverted L and caudal epidural nerve block. Plasma milk concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated a noncompartmental method. Following administration via block, serum T(max) 0.521 +/- 0.226 h C(max) 572 207 ng/mL. Serum AUC 1348 335 ng.h/mL. Apparent t((1/2)beta) 4.19 1.69 MRT 5.13 2.33 with clearance...

Summary Reasons for performing study: No studies have determined the pharmacokinetics of low‐dose amikacin in mature horse. Objectives: To determine if a single i.v. dose (10 mg/kg bwt) will reach therapeutic concentrations plasma, synovial, peritoneal and interstitial fluid horses (n = 6). Methods: Drug were measured across time 6); collected after bwt). Results: The mean ± s.d. selected parameters were: extrapolated plasma concentration at zero 144 21.8 µg/ml; elimination phase 67.8 7.44...

Summary Histamine type II (H 2 ) antagonists inhibit gastric acid secretion and are useful in treating duodenal ulcer disease. To provide some information on the pharmacokinetics of H antagonist cimetidine, adult horses were given 3.3 mg/kg cimetidine intravenously (iv) or 10 orally. Plasma concentrations after orally too low to measure. Following 33 iv, displayed two‐compartment characteristics with a t 1/2 0.083±0.039 h 2.23±0.64 h. The total body clearance was 0.443±0.160 litre/h/kg mean...

Sellers, G., Lin, H. C., G. Riddell, M. Ravis, W. R., Y. J., Duran, S. H., Givens, M.D. Pharmacokinetics of ketamine in plasma and milk mature Holstein cows. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap . 33 , 480–484. The purpose this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics cows following administration a single intravenous (i.v.) dose. Plasma concentrations were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated noncompartmental method. Following i.v....

Ravis, W.R., Duran, S.H., Pedersoli, W.M. & Schumacher, J. A pharmacokinetic study of phenobarbital in mature horses after oral dosing. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 10 , 283–289. The pharmacokinetics were determined six a single dose. Horses administered 5.5 mg/kg body weight dose tablets. Based on the combined evaluation i.v. and results, displayed two‐compartment horse with terminal half‐life 19.0 ± 4.4 (mean SD) h. This is considerably shorter than those reported for dogs humans....

We injected multiple doses of intravenous ciprofloxacin over 10 minutes every 12 hours for 1 week to nine healthy subjects, while three other subjects received placebo. Ciprofloxacin 25, 50, and 75 mg were evaluated with a 1-week washout between each dose level. Mean (± SD) terminal excretion t½s 3.56 ± 0.66, 4.15 0.68, 3.46 0.42 the 25,50, doses. Serum clearances 35.4 6.8, 31.8 3.0, 31.3 5.4 L/hr/1.73 m2 these Urine concentrations remained above minimal inhibitory concentration most urinary...

The purpose of this study was to establish the stereospecific pharmacokinetics ketorolac (KT) in calves following a single 2 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) and 8 oral dose. Plasma concentrations were determined using stereoselective HPLC assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters for both stereoisomers estimated by model-independent methods. Following an i.v. dose, plasma concentration profiles similar with half-lives 5.9 +/- 5.1 h R-KT 6.0 4.9 S-KT. Clearance values R- S-KT after dose 0.0470 0.0370 0.0480...

To develop a topical sildenafil hydrogel and evaluate its effect on wound healing in dogs.6 purpose-bred, sexually intact, adult Beagles.Hydrogels containing citrate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, propylene glycol, poloxamer 407 were developed. Four excision wounds created along the dorsum of dogs. Each was treated for 21 days with nonadherent bandage (C) or 0% (G), 5% (5S), 10% (10S) sildenafil. Daily changes imaging performed. Biopsy specimens collected 5 times.Hydrogels homogenous at room...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stereospecific pharmacokinetics ketorolac (KT) in goats following a single 2 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) dose and 6 oral dose. A stereoselective high pressure liquid chromatography assay used quantify plasma concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters for both stereoisomers were estimated by model independent methods. Following an i.v. dose, concentration profiles similar with half-lives 1.05 +/- 0.62 h R-KT 0.61 S-KT. Clearance values R- S-KT...

Voriconazole is a new antifungal drug that has shown effectiveness in treating serious fungal infections and the potential for being used large animal veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to determine plasma concentrations pharmacokinetic parameters voriconazole after single-dose intravenous (i.v.) oral administration alpacas. Four alpacas were treated with single 4 mg/kg i.v. administrations voriconazole. Plasma measured by high-performance liquid chromatography method....

Background The effects of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) on the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) are currently unknown. Objectives To determine pharmacodynamic S/V RAAS, natriuretic peptide concentrations, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), tests renal function, and serum electrolyte concentrations MMVD. Animals Thirteen client‐owned weighing 4‐15 kg American College Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Stage...

Thirty dairy bull calves with normal ophthalmic examinations and culture-negative for Moraxella bovis were randomly assigned to 3 groups a single eye block, randomized, blinded challenge study. Calves housed in an accredited isolation facility. In Groups 1 2, 0.6 cm corneal lesion was made on the left central cornea utilizing n-heptanol, immediately inoculated topically 1.0 x 107 of M. (strain Epp63-300; origin: NADC). The Group bovis, but nothing further. 1,2 mL 0.009% hypochlorous acid...

To develop a high-speed, continuous-flow, automated plasmapheresis procedure for the high-volume harvest of equine plasma in accordance with current good manufacturing practice.143 horses (predominantly draft breeds) between 3 and 10 years age at time purchase.Adaptations were made to instruments sterile disposable collection sets, which allowed dual-instrument, continuous-flow operation. Donor connected apparatus via 2 catheters (1 inserted each jugular vein). The removed whole blood from...