The norA gene cloned from chromosomal DNA of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus TK2566 conferred relatively high resistance to hydrophilic quinolones such as norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, but only low or no at all hydrophobic ones nalidixic acid, oxolinic sparfloxacin in S. Escherichia coli. 2.7-kb fragment containing the had a long open reading frame coding for 388 amino acid residues with molecular weight 42,265, which was consistent experimental value about...

A novel penicillin-binding protein, PBP-2' (Mr about 75,000), is known to be induced in excessively large amount by most beta-lactam compounds cells of a clinically isolated strain Staphylococcus aureus, TK784, that highly resistant beta-lactams and also other antibiotics. This protein has very low affinities been supposed the cause resistance beta-lactams. 14-kilobase DNA fragment was from carried gene encoding this genetically linked marker responsible for tobramycin. cloned on plasmid...

The affinity of [(3)H]benzylpenicillin for penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3A was reduced in 25 clinical isolates beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin (AMP)-resistant (BLNAR) Haemophilus influenzae which the AMP MIC > or =1.0 microg/ml. affinities PBP 3B and 4 were also some strains. sequences ftsI gene encoding transpeptidase domain and/or dacB determined these strains compared to those AMP-susceptible Rd BLNAR classified into three groups on basis deduced amino acid substitutions gene, is...

The mechanism of methicillin resistance was investigated in methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and variants which had lost resistance. Phase-contrast microscopy showed that cells swelled at low concentrations beta-lactam antibiotics both MRS Cells were lysed easily when higher antibiotic used. In contrast, remained swollen even antibiotics. Furthermore, bacterial growth inhibited much lower than MICs for MRS. Examination the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) revealed a new PBP-2'...

A beta-lactam-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus could be converted to methicillin resistance by the introduction a plasmid carrying 4.3-kilobase HindIII chromosomal DNA fragment which encoded mecA gene from methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Transformant cells produced aureus-specific penicillin-binding protein constitutively, and additional insertion an inducible penicillinase caused production pencillin-binding become inducible.

Abstract To clarify year-to-year changes in capsular serotypes, resistance genotypes, and multilocus sequence types of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we compared isolates collected from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease before after introductions 7- 13-valent conjugate vaccines (PCV7 PVC13, respectively). From April 2010 through March 2017, 2,856 children adults throughout Japan. Proportions PCV13 serotypes among decreased 89.0% fiscal year to 12.1% 2016 74.1% 36.2%. Although nonvaccine...

Clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from Japan (n = 296) and the United States 100) were tested by microdilution method for susceptibility in vitro to 10 beta-lactam antibiotics molecular mechanisms resistance. For all isolates, PCR was used identify six elements, including beta-lactamase-producing ampicillin (AMP)-resistance (BLPAR) beta-lactamase-nonproducing AMP-resistance (BLNAR) genes as follows: (1) TEM-1 type beta-lactamase gene, (2) ROB-1 (3) part normal ftsI gene encoding...

The norA gene for fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus TK2566 was cloned from chromosomal DNA into fluoroquinolone-susceptible Escherichia coli TG1. resulting transformant, NY11, contained a recombinant plasmid, designated pTUS1, with 5.5-kilobase (kb) HindIII fragment of staphylococcal DNA. MIC norfloxacin the strain increased 0.1 to 3.13 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, when recloned S. aureus, transformant NY12, containing plasmid pTUS20, had same level as did original strain,...

After 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) for children was introduced in Japan November 2010, we examined changes Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and genetic antimicrobial drug resistance of isolates from adults with invasive diseases. During April 2010-March 2013, a total 715 were collected Seven-valent PCV decreased 43.3% to 23.8%, most noticeably serotype 6B. Concomitantly, 23-valent polysaccharide (PPSV23) 82.2% 72.2%; non-PPSV23 increased 13.8% 25.1%. Parallel changes,...

Pneumococcal isolates (n = 148) from various countries (mostly the USA) were tested by a primer set for PCR. Thirty-eight (86.4%) of 44 penicillin G-susceptible (MIC < or 0.06 mg/L) had unaltered pbps, while six (13.6%) either one two alterations in pbps. Of 47 G-resistant strains > 2 mg/L), 41 (87.2%) all three pbps altered, (12.8%) altered pbp1a + 2x. Various combinations pbp seen G-intermediate isolates. Prevalence macrolide resistance genes mef(A) and erm(B) was clearly reflected their...

In order to identify methicillin-resistant staphylococci from clinical sources with ease and reliability, enzymatic detection of polymerase chain reaction (ED-PCR) was applied. ED-PCR is based on the capture amplified products via biotin-streptavidin affinity an incorporated hapten in enzyme-linked antibody. all species, a 150-bp fragment mecA gene targeted for ED-PCR. After PCR performed pair biotin dinitrophenol 5'-labeled primers, mixture applied microtiter well precoated streptavidin....

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae isolates ( n = 189) from patients with invasive infections were analyzed for capsular type by PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility, and the presence of resistance genes. In contrast to predominance III in children, types Ib V most common among adults. All 45 levofloxacin-resistant strains had two amino acid substitutions, Ser 81 Leu gyrA gene 79 Phe parC gene, showed similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.

ABSTRACT Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) isolates ( n = 443) obtained from Japanese adults with invasive infections between April 2010 and March 2013 were analyzed for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type (ST), antibiotic susceptibility, resistance genes. Among these cases, bacteremia without primary focus was the most common variety of infection (49.9%), followed by cellulitis (12.9%) pneumonia (9.0%). Concerning patient age (18 to 59, 60 69, 70 79, 80 89, 90 years...

We collected β-hemolytic streptococci (1,611 isolates) from patients with invasive streptococcal infections in Japan during April 2010-March 2013. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) was most common (n = 693); 99% of SDSE were elderly (mean age 75 years, SD ±15 years). aimed to clarify molecular and epidemiologic characteristics isolates features patient infections. Bacteremia no identified focus origin cellulitis the prevalent manifestations; otherwise, clinical...

Background: Acute otitis media is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and antibiotic prescriptions. We examined etiologic changes in acute after introduction 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as routine immunization for Japanese children 2014. Serotypes, resistance genotypes, susceptibilities multilocus sequence typing isolates were also characterized. Methods: Otolaryngologists prospectively collected middle ear fluid from 582 by tympanocentesis or sampling through spontaneously...

PCR was used to identify penicillin resistance in 1,062 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Three sets primers were designed amplify (i) a 240-bp fragment the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2B gene (pbp2b) penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP), (ii) 215-bp class A mutations pbp2b present penicillin-resistant pneumoniae, and (iii) 286-bp B mutation. In addition, set that 273 bp autolysin (lytA) applied combination with above Of 621 for which MICs &lt; or = 0.06 mu g/ml, 614...

A penicillin-binding protein of molecular weight 76,000 inducible by beta-lactams was detected in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus and simulans. DNA from these strains hybridized to the mecA gene aureus; however, chromosomal HindIII fragments containing genes were 3.4 kilobases S. 4.3

The sequence of an approximately 1.1-kb DNA fragment the pbp2x gene, which encodes transpeptidase domain, was determined for 35 clinical isolates Streptococcus pneumoniae cefotaxime (CTX) MICs varied. Strains with substitutions within a conserved amino acid motif changing STMK to SAFK and Leu-to-Val change just before KSG were highly resistant CTX (MIC, >==2 microgram/ml). adjacent SSN or motifs had low-level resistance. plotted on three-dimensional crystallographic structure domain PBP2X....

SUMMARY Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus; GBS) isolates ( n = 150) from infants with invasive infections between 2006 and 2011 were analysed for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type, antibiotic susceptibility. In cases late-onset disease 115), primary meningitis was predominant (62·6%), but represented only 39·1% in early-onset 23). The most common serotype III (58·7%), followed by Ia (21·3%) Ib (12·7%). Sequence types (STs) of strains included ST17 (50·0%), ST19...

Antibiotic susceptibilities, genes mediating beta-lactam and macrolide resistance, serotypes were analysed for strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.A total 392 S. pneumoniae isolated from paediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia between May 2002 2004. All classified into six genotype patterns according to the mutations found in pbp1a, pbp2x pbp2b identified by PCR. These results are represented adding 'g', indicating genotypic identification.Thirty-nine per cent isolates showed...