Shape-morphing structured materials have the ability to transform a range of applications. However, their design and fabrication remain challenging due difficulty controlling underlying metric tensor in space time. Here, we exploit combination multiple materials, geometry, 4-dimensional (4D) printing create heterogeneous lattices that overcome this problem. Our printable inks are composed elastomeric matrices with tunable cross-link density anisotropic filler enable precise control elastic...

Nanomechanical motion of bacteria adhered to a chemically functionalized silicon surface is studied by means microcantilever. A non-specific binding agent used attach Escherichia coli (E. coli) the The microcantilever kept in liquid medium, and its nanomechanical fluctuations are monitored using an optical displacement transducer. couples efficiently well below resonance frequency, causing measurable increase fluctuations. In time domain, exhibit large-amplitude low-frequency oscillations....

Abstract Implementation of gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 in the manufacture novel cell-based therapeutics has potential to enable highly-targeted, stable, and persistent genome modifications without use viral vectors. Electroporation emerged a preferred method for delivering gene-editing machinery target cells, but major challenge remaining is that most commercial electroporation machines are built research process development rather than large-scale, automated cellular...

Objective. Most preparations for making neural recordings degrade over time and eventually fail due to insertion trauma reactive tissue response. The magnitudes of these responses are thought be related the electrode size (specifically, cross-sectional area), relative stiffness electrode, degree tolerance material. Flexible carbon fiber ultra-microelectrodes have a much smaller cross-section than traditional electrodes low reactivity, thus may enable improved longevity in central peripheral...

Objective. The vision of bioelectronic medicine is to treat disease by modulating the signaling visceral nerves near various end organs. In small animal models, interest can have diameters and limited surgical access. New high-resolution methods for building nerve interfaces are desirable. this study, we present a novel interface demonstrate its use stimulation recording in nerves. Approach. We design fabricate micro-scale electrode-laden nanoclips capable interfacing with as 50 µm diameter....

Emerging cell therapies have created new demands for instruments that will increase processing efficiency. Purification of lymphocytes prior to downstream steps gene transfer currently relies on centrifugal separation, which has drawbacks in output sample purity and process automation. Here, we present an alternative approach blood purification using acoustic forces plastic microchannels. We provide details regarding the system's ability purify relative other types while maintaining a high...

Abstract Atomic force microscope (AFM) probes and AFM imaging by extension are the product of exceptionally refined silicon micromachining, but also restricted limitations these fabrication techniques. Here, nanoscale additive manufacturing technique direct laser writing is explored as a method to print monolithic cantilevered for AFM. Not only 3D printed found function effectively AFM, they confer several advantages, most notably ability image in intermittent contact mode with bandwidth...

We present an experimental study of a confined nanoflow, which is generated by sphere oscillating in the proximity flat solid wall simple fluid. Varying oscillation frequency, confining length scale and fluid mean free path over broad range provides detailed map flow. use this to construct scaling function, describes nanoflow entire parameter space, including both hydrodynamic kinetic regimes. Our function unifies previous theories based on slip boundary condition effective viscosity.

Our novel device acoustophoretically transfers cells from culture media to electroporation and then electroporates them using integrated electrodes.

Microfluidic acoustophoresis is a label-free technique that isolates purified product from complex mixture of cells. This well-studied but thus far has lacked the throughput and device manufacturability needed for many medical industrial uses. Scale-up acoustofluidic devices can be more challenging than in other microfluidic systems because channel walls are integral to resonant behavior coupling neighboring channels inhibit performance. Additionally, increased area parallel becomes less...

Significance Bioelectronic medicine relies on electrical stimulation for most applications in the peripheral nervous system. It faces persistent challenges selectively activating bundled nerve fibers. Here, we investigated ion-concentration modulation with ion-selective membranes and whether this modality may enhance functional selectivity of stimulation. We designed a multimodal stimulator that could control Ca 2+ concentrations within focused volume. Acutely implanting it sciatic rat,...

Printing nano and microscale three-dimensional (3D) structures using directed assembly of nanoparticles has many potential applications in electronics, photonics biotechnology. This paper presents a reproducible scalable 3D dielectrophoresis process for printing homogeneous silica hybrid silica/gold nanorods from gold nanoparticles. The are assembled into patterned vias under dielectrophoretic force generated by an alternating current (AC) field, then completely fused situ to form nanorods....

Abstract Autologous cellular therapies have been highly successful in treating hematological cancers and the potential to be used for a variety of indications. Manufacturing these rapidly at low cost remains major challenge. A key bottleneck therapy manufacturing is genetic modification target cells, which often done using viral vectors. Because vectors are expensive develop produce, non‐viral gene transfer electroporation emerging as preferred transfection method next‐generation therapies....

Here, we study noisy transitional flows in imperfect millimetre-scale channels. For probing the flows, use microcantilever sensors embedded channel walls. We perform experiments two nominally identical The different sets of imperfections channels result random which high-order moments near-wall fluctuations differ by orders magnitude. Surprisingly, however, lowest-order statistics both cases appear to be qualitatively similar and can described a proposed Landau equation for slow mode. noise,...

Gaussian fluctuations (or noise) appear in almost all measurements physics. Here, a concise and self-contained introduction to thermal noise is presented. Our analysis the frequency domain centers on of position particle bound one-dimensional harmonic potential, which this case microcantilever immersed bath room-temperature gas. Position microcantilever, detected by optical beam deflection technique, are then fed into lock-in amplifier measure probability distribution spectral properties...

For many peripheral neuro-modulation applications, the cuff electrode has become a preferred technology for delivering electrical current into targeted volumes of tissue. While basic cuffs with low spatial selectivity, having longitudinally arranged contacts, can be produced from relatively straightforward processes, fabrication more complex configurations typically requires iterative design and clean-room skilled technicians. Although facile methods fabricating electrodes exist, their...

Optogenetic manipulation is widely used to selectively excite and silence neurons in laboratory experiments. Recent efforts miniaturize the components of optogenetic systems have enabled experiments on freely moving animals, but further miniaturization required for flying insects. In particular, high channel-count optical waveguides are needed high-resolution interfaces. Thin flexible waveguide arrays bend light around tight turns access small anatomical targets. We present design...

Abstract Most preparations for making neural recordings degrade over time and eventually fail due to insertion trauma reactive tissue response. The magnitudes of these responses are thought be related the electrode size (specifically, cross-sectional area) relative stiffness material. Carbon fiber ultramicroelectrodes have a much smaller cross-section than traditional electrodes thus may enable improved longevity in central peripheral nervous systems. Only two carbon array designs been...

Here, we study noisy transitional flows in imperfect millimeter-scale channels. For probing the flows, use microcantilever sensors embedded channel walls. We perform experiments two nominally identical The different set of imperfections channels result random which high-order moments near-wall fluctuations differ by orders magnitude. Surprisingly however, lowest order statistics both cases appear qualitatively similar and can be described a proposed Landau equation for slow mode. noise,...