Recent decades have seen significant progress in the genetic selection of fast-growing broiler chickens. Whereas many countries average marketing age is 5 to 6 wk, US, French, and other markets demand heavier broilers (~4 kg) that require a longer posthatching growing period. With greater BW, ability cope with hot weather conditions deteriorates, which can result increased economic losses during periods weather. studies demonstrated long-lasting effect intermittent thermal manipulation (TM)...

Therapeutic and growth-promoting antibiotics are frequently used in broiler production. Indirect evidence indicates that these practices linked to the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), spread antibiotic-resistant bacteria from food animals humans, environment, but there is a lack comprehensive experimental data supporting this. We investigated effects growth promotor (bacitracin) therapeutic (enrofloxacin) antibiotic administration on AMR broilers for duration production...

The potential to induce improved thermotolerance in broiler chickens is of great importance. Thermal conditioning one the management tools used improve thermotolerance, enabling broilers cope with extreme environmental conditions. This study investigated effects exposing chicks low ambient temperature (Ta) on-chick body (Tb), surface (Ts) temperatures and total sensible heat loss (SHL) by convection radiation from 2 main radiative organs, face legs. At 3, 4, or at both 3 4 d age, were...

Under hot conditions, contemporary commercial broilers do not reach their full genetic potential for growth rate, body weight (BW), or breast meat yield because dissipation of excessively produced internal (metabolic) heat is hindered by the feathers. Therefore, it was hypothesized that stress can be alleviated using naked-neck gene (Na) featherless (sc). The study consisted 4 experimental groups (fully feathered, heterozygous naked neck, homozygous featherless), progeny same...

Taste perception is a crucial biological mechanism affecting food and water choices consumption in the animal kingdom. Bitter taste mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family-the 2 receptors (T2R)-and their downstream proteins, whereas sweet umami tastes are GPCR family -taste 1 (T1R) proteins. proteins have been identified extra-gustatory tissues mammals, such as lungs gastrointestinal tract (GIT), GIT activation has linked with different metabolic endocrinic pathways GIT. The...

Manually counting hens in battery cages on large commercial poultry farms is a challenging task: time-consuming and often inaccurate. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop machine vision system that automatically counts number cages. Automatically can help regulatory agency or inspecting officer estimate living birds cage and, thus animal density, ensure they conform government regulations quality certification requirements. The test hen house 87 m long, containing 37 stacked...

Background Enhancing an organism’s survival hinges on the development of balanced and adaptable stress response systems. While initial stress-response set-points in hypothalamus may be genetically determined, they are further influenced by epigenetic factors during embryonic development. A debate persists regarding heritability such behavioral traits. The chick ovo heat conditioning model offers a unique insight into this fundamental question, where manipulation can induce resilience even...

Recent decades were characterized by genetic selection of broiler and layer chickens for enhanced growth rate meat yield or intensified egg production, respectively. It is to be expected that various traits would also influence embryo development patterns affect metabolism. The objective the present study was examine effects (Cobb Ross) (Lohmann) lines parent flock age (31 38 wk) on embryonic development, heart rate, O2 consumption, blood parameters. For each line, 2 incubation sets, from...

The aim of this study was to fine-tune previous acute cold exposure treatments broiler embryos during late embryogenesis improve lifelong resistance and performance. Six hundred Cobb hatching eggs were incubated under standard conditions then exposed 3 treatments: control; treatment in which 15°C for 30 min on d 18 19 incubation (30 × 2); similar 2 but with 60-min exposures (60 2). Egg shell temperature (T(egg)) heart rate (HR) monitored pre- posttreatment. Upon hatching, hatchability, body...

The continuous selection for rapid growth has been accompanied by an increasing occurrence of ascites syndrome (AS), which develops in broilers failing to supply the demand O(2) their bodies. Moderate heritability reported AS broiler populations, suggesting that against is feasible. However, direct based on mortality requires exposure candidate birds AS-inducing conditions (AIC), hinder performance traits. Noninvasive indicators AS, expressed under standard husbandry, may facilitate...

The significance and importance of the preincubation incubation temperatures for broiler chickens has been elucidated by altering normal conditions to study effects on embryo development. Furthermore, only recently convincing evidence that temperature could influence sex ratio avian offspring become available. objective this was elucidate before or during (or both) determination period hatchability, apparent ratio, growth development posthatching, secondary sexual phenotypic characteristics....

The rapid growth of modern broilers is associated with enhanced appetite and high metabolic rate and, consequently, O2 demand. Ascites syndrome (AS) develops in individuals that fail to fully supply the increasing demand for their bodies under ascites-inducing conditions (AIC) such as altitude or low temperatures. tendency develop AS heritable, but efficacious selection against susceptibility (without affecting normal expression other important traits) requires identification indirect...

Hot conditions decrease the difference between ambient temperature (AT) and average of body surface. A smaller reduces rate sensible heat loss excessive internal heat, elevates (BT), may lead to mortality during waves. Under chronic broilers avoid lethal BT elevation by reducing their feed intake; consequently, growth meat yield are lower. Practices hot costly, whereas breeding for tolerance offers a sustainable approach. Being featherless was shown provide tolerance; this reevaluated in...

Previous studies demonstrated that in ovo photostimulation with monochromatic green light increases body weight and accelerates muscle development broilers. The mechanism which growth is not clearly understood. objective of the current study was to define somatotropic axis broiler embryo associated photostimulation. Two-hundred-forty fertile eggs were divided into 2 groups. first group incubated under intermittent using light-emitting diode (LED) lamps an intensity 0.1 W\m2 at shell level,...

Previous studies demonstrated that in-ovo photostimulation with monochromatic green light increased the somatotropic axis expression in broilers embryos. The objective of current study was to detect critical period for GL photostimulation, order find optimal targeted during incubation process. Three hundred thirty-six fertile broiler eggs were divided into 4 groups. first group incubated under dark conditions as a negative control. second intermittent using light-emitting diode (LED) lamps...

This study compares the effects of modern colony cage systems and traditional floor on production welfare broiler chickens. Through two trials spanning 35 days each, we evaluated various physiological parameters, including growth performance, bone health, stress responses, meat quality. Colony cages demonstrated superior thermal regulation performance compared to systems, but also exhibited higher frequencies leg deformity reduced standing ability. Conversely, broilers in experienced heat...

Oxygen is one of the critical determinants appropriate embryonic and fetal development, including cardiogenesis. When demand tissues for oxygen exceeds supply, hypoxic conditions develop. In developing embryo, hypoxia associated with increased mortality, cerebrovascular anomalies, cardiovascular dysfunction, altered angiogenesis. Tissue may elicit a broad range responses, many which are dependent upon hypoxia-inducible transcription factors. Three genes that stimulated by...

The high growth rate (GR) of contemporary broilers is driven by feed intake and metabolism. Because the consequent oxygen demand, especially when coupled with exposure to altitude or low temperatures, some fail regulate supply develop ascites syndrome (AS), which leads mortality economic losses. association between GR, AS, it has been suggested that AS induced GR. If true, further GR enhancement should be avoided because will increase proportion AS-susceptible individuals in stocks. An...

Some of the challenges faced by neonatal turkeys include weakness, reduced feed intake, impaired growth, susceptibility to disease, and mortality. These symptoms may be due depleted energy reserves after hatch an immature digestive system unable replenish from consumed feed. To better understand enteric development in just before hatch, a new method was used identify patterns intestinal gene expression utilizing focused microarray. The duodenums 24 turkey embryos were sampled on embryonic...

Ascites syndrome (AS) is manifested in flocks of contemporary broilers that are allowed to fully manifest their genetic potential for rapid growth. After successful selection, a pair divergent lines was established, AS-susceptible (AS-S) and AS-resistant (AS-R). These facilitate comparisons between genetically resistant susceptible healthy young when reared under standard brooding conditions (SBC). The aim the present study look predictive indicators AS susceptibility by comparing relevant...

Embryo development is a dynamic process, determined by both the genetic background of organism and environment in which it develops. Environmental alterations during an organism's embryogenesis may induce changes some physiological regulatory systems, thereby causing permanent phenotypic embryo. The present study aimed to assess effect 17% O(2) concentration chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) on a) CAM development, b) cardiovascular parameters, c) embryo postexposure up hatch. Two replicated...

Early life encounters with stress can lead to long-lasting beneficial alterations in the response various stressors, known as cross-tolerance. Embryonic heat conditioning (EHC) of chicks was previously shown mediate resilience later life. Here we demonstrate that EHC induce cross-tolerance immune system, attenuating hypothalamic inflammation. Inflammation manifested, following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on day 10 post-hatch, by reduced febrile and expression LITAF NFκB compared...