The complex effects of stress on learning and memory are mediated, in part, by stress-induced changes the composition structure excitatory synapses. In hippocampus, involve several factors including glucocorticoids stress-released neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which influence integrity dendritic spines function synapses they carry. CRH, at nanomolar, presumed-stress levels, rapidly abolishes short-term synaptic plasticity destroys spines, yet mechanisms for these not...

Stabilization of long-term potentiation (LTP) depends on reorganization the dendritic spine actin cytoskeleton. The present study tested whether this involves activity-driven effects actin-regulatory protein cortactin, and such are disturbed in Fmr1 knock-out (KO) model fragile X syndrome, which stabilization both filaments LTP is impaired. induced by theta burst stimulation (TBS) hippocampal slices from wild-type mice was associated with rapid, broadly distributed, NMDA receptor-dependent...

Significance There are no treatments for congenital intellectual disabilities. Here we show that newly discovered timing rules maximizing hippocampal long-term potentiation predict training regimens offset defects in synaptic chemistry and memory the fragile X mental retardation 1 ( Fmr1 ) KO model of syndrome. Wild-type mice required far less to form stable memories when given three trials separated by hour as opposed one extended session; shorter or longer intervals were ineffective. The...

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that disturbances in excitatory transmission contribute to depression. Whether these defects involve the number, size, or composition glutamatergic contacts is unclear. This study used recently introduced procedures for fluorescence deconvolution tomography a well-studied rat model congenital depression characterize synapses layer I infralimbic cortex, region involved mood disorders, and primary somatosensory cortex. Three groups were studied: (1) rats bred...

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with deficits in various types of learning, including those that require the hippocampus. Relatedly, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) impaired Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse model FXS. Prior research found infusion brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rescues LTP KOs. Here, we tested if, KO mice, up-regulating BDNF production or treatment an agonist for BDNF's TrkB receptor restores synaptic plasticity and improves learning. In slices, bath...

Atresia, or absence, of the inferior vena cava (AIVC) is a rare, usually fortuitous finding on advanced imaging that predisposes patients to deep venous thrombosis (DVT). In young adults who lack predisposing risk factors but nonetheless develop extensive bilateral DVTs, AIVC should be considered. We describe case previously healthy 17-year-old male patient developed an renal vein thrombus due absence superior portion his IVC compounded with undiagnosed antithrombin III deficiency. discuss...

Objective: Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) and en coup de sabre (ECDS) are subtypes of craniofacial localized scleroderma. Systematic analyses central nervous system imaging findings their clinical associations in children lacking. Here, we aim to characterize neuroimaging associated neurological symptoms these conditions. Methods: Neuroimaging evaluated at our institution with a diagnosis PRS or ECDS were retrospectively reviewed. Laterality, location, stability, number lesion(s) evaluated, as...

Learning and memory systems are intimately involved in drug addiction. Previous studies suggest that galanin, a neuropeptide binds G-protein coupled receptors, plays essential roles the encoding of memory. In present study, we tested function galnon, galanin receptor 1 2 agonist, reward-associated memory, using conditioned place preference (CPP), widely used paradigm drug-associated Either before or following CPP-inducing morphine administration, galnon was injected at four different time...

The diagnosis of drowning is incredibly challenging in modern forensic practice after corpses have begun to putrefy. objective this study was develop a method for using impedance spectroscopy. Thirty-two adult white rabbits (1.8-2.2kg) were divided into four groups. All anesthetized mixture isoflurane and oxygen. One group drowned fresh water, while the second one salt water; third sacrificed immersed whereas last then water. animals water until putrefactive changes began appear, usually...

A 14-year-old boy with a history of atrial tachycardia presented to the emergency department acute right foot weakness. One month prior presentation, he had self-resolving diarrheal illness and bacterial pneumonia treated antibiotics. Two weeks later, endorsed dull headache, increased irritability, neck pain. week developed intermittent urinary retention episodes flushing redness his face. He fell 5 days presentation in ensuing days, complained bilateral hip pain paresthesias that...

Purpose: To investigate relationships between regional brain metabolites, social communication deficits, and seizure frequency in children adolescents with cryptogenic epilepsy complex partial seizures (CPS). Methods: In 12 CPS 23 age- gender-matched healthy controls, we acquired proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 1.5 T 30 ms echo-time from bilateral inferior frontal superior temporal gyri, regions associated deficits. Videotaped speech samples of all the subjects were...

May 5, 2019April 9, 2019Free AccessAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis following Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a young adult collegiate athlete (P1.7-009)Christina Catherine, Ronald Seese, and Janet WatersAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 2019 issue92 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.92.15_supplement.P1.7-009 Letters to the Editor

Acute brain injury is a frequent perinatal neurologic complication that can involve the cerebellum. Although short-term outcomes of infants with neonatal cerebellar are well described, sequelae in older children underreported. Here, we describe epilepsy-related young who suffered from injuries.In-house automated software identified patients injuries were evaluated at our institution both as neonates (≤28 days) and (≥1 year). Neonatal hospital course, neuroimaging, related to epilepsy...