Abstract Background: General anesthetics induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mammalian brain. anesthesia (GA) also causes significant disturbances mitochondrial morphogenesis during intense synaptogenesis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo remodeling via fusion and fission. The fine balance between these two opposing processes determines morphometric properties, allowing for their regeneration enabling normal functioning. As mitochondria exquisitely sensitive...

Abstract Commonly used general anesthetics can have adverse effects on the developing brain by triggering apoptotic neurodegeneration, as has been documented in rat. The rational of our study was to examine molecular mechanisms that contribute action propofol anesthesia 7‐day‐old (P7) rats. down‐regulation nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and protein expression cortex thalamus at defined time points between 1 24 h after treatment, well a decrease phosphorylated Akt were observed. extrinsic...

Early postnatal exposure to general anesthesia (GA) may be detrimental brain development, resulting in long-term cognitive impairments. Older literature suggests that utero of rodents GA causes impairments the first-generation as well second-generation offspring never exposed GA. Thus, authors hypothesize transient during critical stages synaptogenesis epigenetic changes chromatin with deleterious effects on transcription target genes crucial for proper synapse formation and development....

Objective To further test the application of topical steroids in boys referred to a paediatric surgical practice with pathological, non‐retractable foreskins diagnosed as phimosis. Patients and methods This prospective study comprised two groups 20 each (mean age 4.1 years, range 3–6) having phimosis; twice daily, steroid (0.05% betamethasone cream) was applied on narrowed preputial skin first group neutral cream (Vaseline) second (control) group. were treated for 4 weeks retractability...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a widespread cause of death and major source adult disability. Subsequent pathological events occurring in the after TBI, referred to as secondary injury, continue damage surrounding tissue resulting substantial neuronal loss. One hallmarks process microglial activation increased cytokine production. Notwithstanding that recent studies demonstrated caloric restriction (CR) lasting several months prior an acute TBI exhibits neuroprotective properties,...

Several studies have revealed a role for neurotrophins in anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity the developing brain. In this study we monitored spatial and temporal expression of neurotrophic signaling molecules brain 14-day-old (PND14) Wistar rats after application single propofol dose (25 mg/kg i.p). The structures interest were cortex thalamus as primary areas anesthetic actions. Changes protein levels brain-derived factor (BDNF) nerve growth (NGF), their activated receptors...

Exposure of newborn rats to a variety anesthetics has been shown induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. We investigated effect general anesthetic propofol on brain 7-day-old (P7) Wistar during peak synaptic growth. Caspase and calpain protease families most likely participate neuronal cell death. Our objective was examine regional temporal patterns caspase-3 activity following repeated administration (20 mg/kg). P7 were exposed for 2, 4 or 6 h killed 0, 4, 16 24 after...

Food restriction has been widely associated with beneficial effects on brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, previous studies the of food aging- or pathology-related cognitive decline are controversial, emphasizing importance type, onset duration restriction. In present study, we assessed preventive every-other-day (EOD) feeding regimen phenotype in 5XFAD transgenic mice, a commonly used mouse model EOD was introduced to female mice at...

Previously we observed that prolonged exposure to propofol anesthesia causes caspase‐3‐ and calpain‐mediated neuronal death in the developing brain. The present study examines effects of on expression tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), pro‐nerve growth factor (NGF), their receptors cortex thalamus. We also investigated how influences Akt X‐linked inhibitor apoptosis (XIAP) expression, proteins promote prosurvival pathways. Seven‐day‐old rats (P7) were exposed lasting 2, 4, or 6 hr killed 0, 16,...

Dystrophic neurites and activated microglia are one of the main neuropathological characteristics Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although use supplements with omega-3 fatty acids has been associated reduced risk lessened AD pathology, it still remains elusive whether such a treatment could affect dystrophic (DNs) formation microglia/macrophage behavior in early phase disease. We analyzed effects short-term (3 weeks) fish oil supplementation on DNs formation, tau hyperphosphorylation, Amyloid-beta...

Long-term fish oil (FO) supplementation is able to improve Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We aimed determine the impact of short-term intake on phospholipids composition and plaque pathology in 5xFAD mice, a widely used animal model AD. A 3-week-long FO administered at 3 months age decreased number dense core plaques cortex changed livers brains wild-type (Wt) mice. Livers both genotypes responded by increase n-3 reciprocal decrease n-6 fatty acids. In Wt brains, induced elevation acids...

Abstract Propofol anesthesia can trigger pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic signaling pathways in the rat brain. In our previous work, we demonstrated that propofol causes widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration 7‐postnatal‐day‐old (PND7) but not PND14 neurons. The mechanism responsible for these opposing outcomes is unknown, apparently linked to specific stage of brain development. present study aims elucidate process activated cortex thalamus Wistar rats during first 48 h after onset anesthesia. We...

Abstract This study examined the influence of propofol anesthesia on expression activity‐regulated molecules (BDNF and c‐Fos) synaptic plasticity markers (synaptophysin, GAP‐43, drebrin) in frontal cortex thalamus 7‐day‐old (P7) rats. Although these brain regions are main targets anesthetic action, they contained cortico–striato–thalamo–cortical feedback loops, involved naturally occurring drug‐induced psychoses. Therefore, functional integrity loops was adolescent adult rats through d...

Summary Background The effects of anesthetic drugs on postoperative cognitive function in children are not well defined and have been experimentally addressed. Aims present study aimed to examine the influence propofol anesthesia exposure nonaversive hippocampus‐dependent learning biochemical changes involved memory process dorsal hippocampus, peripubertal rats as rodent model periadolescence. Methods intersession spatial habituation novel object recognition tasks were used assess...

Omega-3 fatty acid interventions show potential benefits in Alzheimer?s disease (AD) when initiated during its early stages. This study investigated whether maternal diet supplemented with omega-3-rich fish oil (FO) could delay or reduce amyloid beta (A?) formation, a key feature of AD, 5xFAD transgenic offspring. Dams received FO mating, pregnancy, and lactation. Brain tissues from female offspring were collected at 2 6 months age. The findings indicated shift precursor protein processing,...

Abstract Background Propofol is commonly used in modern anesthesiology. Some findings suggest that it highly addictive. Aim In this study was examined whether propofol anesthesia exposure able to induce behavioral alterations and brain molecular changes already described addictive drug usage peripubertal rats, during the onset of mid/periadolescence as a developmental period with increasing vulnerability addiction. Methods The expression D1 dopamine receptor, dopamine, cAMP ‐regulated...

Abstract The current study aims to determine the potential benefits of calorie restriction (CR), one most promising paradigms for life span and healthspan extension, on cognitive performances in female Wistar rats during aging. As a measure healthspan, we evaluated effects different onset duration CR frailty level. Female were exposed either ad libitum (AL) or (60% AL daily intake) food intake Two protocols used, life-long with an early-onset that started at adult stage (6 months)...