Honey was previously considered to be one of the main food sources human pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) exposure in Europe. However, comprehensive analyses honey and tea sampled Berlin retail market revealed unexpected high PA amounts teas. This study comprised analysis 87 as well 274 samples including black, green, rooibos, melissa, peppermint, chamomile, fennel, nettle, mixed herbal or fruit tea. Total concentrations ranged from < LOD 5647 µg kg−1, while a mean value about 10 kg−1 found...

The transfer of the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from feed into tissue milk dairy cows was investigated. Holstein (n = 6) were fed a PFAA-contaminated for 28 days. After PFAA-feeding period, three slaughtered while others PFAA-free another 21 days (depuration period). For PFAA analysis plasma, liver, kidney, muscle tissue, urine, sampled analyzed using...

The transfer of a mixture perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from contaminated feed into the edible tissues 24 fattening pigs was investigated. Four sulfonic (PFSAs) and three carboxylic (PFCAs) were quantifiable in feed, plasma, tissues, urine. As percentages unexcreted PFAA, substances accumulated plasma (up to 51%), fat, muscle (collectively, meat 40–49%), liver (under 7%), kidney 2%) for most substances. An exception perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), with lower affinity (23%) higher (35%)....

The discovery of fatty acid esters monochloropropanediol (MCPD) and glycidol generated during the refinement process in vegetable fats oils caused concerns about possible adverse health effects. As these are components infant formula, current investigation MCPD glycidyl ester contents formula was necessary to update data for risk assessment purposes. For analysis 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD an existing method had be modified validated. fat fraction containing extracted from by accelerated solvent...

The group of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprises thousands chemicals, which are used in various industrial applications consumer products. In this study, a feeding experiment with laying hens feed grown on contamination site was conducted, PFAS were analyzed the eggs to assess transfer into eggs. A targeted analysis perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) different sulfonamides performed. Additionally, total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay modified by fully oxidizing small amounts...

The toxicity of lead has been known for a long time, and no safe uptake level can be derived humans. Consumers' intake via food should therefore kept as low possible. Game meat contain elevated levels due to the use ammunition hunting. A risk assessment conducted in 2010 by German Federal Institute Risk Assessment including various consumption scenarios revealed possible health extreme consumers game hunted with (i.e. hunters members hunters' households). Babies, infants, children women...

Dietary selenium (Se) can be supplemented from organic or inorganic sources and this may affect Se metabolism functional outcome such as antioxidative status immune functions in dairy cows. A feeding trial was performed with 16 Holstein-Friesian cows fed a total mixed ration (0.18 mg Se/kg dry matter (DM)) either without supplement (Control, n = 5), sodium selenite (Group SeS, 5) yeast SeY, 6). In Groups SeS the supplementation amounted to an additional intake of 4 6 Se/d during gestation...

This study was performed in a well-established vitro model to investigate whether the application of glyphosate-containing herbicide might affect bacterial communities and some biochemical parameters cow's rumen.The test item applied two concentrations (high low) for 5 days. In second trial, fermentation vessels were inoculated with Clostridium sporogenes before high dose applied. Effluents analysed by biochemical, microbiological genetic methods. A marginal increase short-chain fatty acid...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) forming plants are found worldwide and may contaminate food products at levels being of concern for human health. Due to the high biodiversity PA producing many different types structures formed. PAs themselves not toxic but require metabolic activation exert toxicity. To investigate if structure affects their in vitro metabolism, we incubated a set 22 compared degradation rates amount formed glutathione (GSH) conjugates. With liver microsomes, no monoesters was...

Wildlife may host pathogens and chemicals of veterinary public health relevance, as well with significant economic relevance for domestic livestock. In conducting research on the occurrence distribution these agents in wildlife, a major challenge is acquisition sufficient number samples coupled efficient use manpower time. The aim this article to present methodology output sampling approach game animals, which was implemented from 2017/18 2020/21 at drive hunts Brandenburg, Germany. central...

A feeding study was performed to examine the bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in laying hens' tissues plasma feed-to-egg transfer rates half-lives. 25 day exposure followed by a 42 depuration period. target analysis revealed substantial amounts precursors N-methyl N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (Me- EtFOSAA), (FOSAA), sulfonamide (FOSA). In eggs, highest found for PFHxS, PFHpS, PFOS, PFOA. Low levels PFHxS (all samples), FOSAA (in yolk) were...

Non-lead hunting ammunition is an alternative to bullets that contain lead. The use of lead can result in severe contamination game meat, thus posing a health risk consumers. With any kind for hunting, the terminal effectiveness animal welfare issue. Doubts about non-lead humane kill animals have been discussed. length escape distance after shot has used previously as indicator bullet performance.The object this study was determine how material (lead or non-lead) influences observed...

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, medulla, association these with age, gender, occurrence chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, Mn levels highest liver followed by cortex medulla. The Sr, Cd, Se measured while...

The aim of this study was to examine the contamination game meat with copper and zinc establish whether use alternative (non-lead) ammunition can lead higher or unsafe levels in roe deer, wild boar red deer. research project "Safety obtained through hunting" (LEMISI) conducted Germany purpose examining entry as well into hunted when using either non-lead ammunition. outcome shows that usage both lead-based results edible parts game. Using does not entail dangerously elevated zinc, so...

Abstract Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are secondary metabolites of certain flowering plants. The ingestion PAs may result in acute and chronic effects man livestock with hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity being identified as predominant effects. Several hundred sharing the diol pyrrolizidine a core structure formed by Although many congeners cause adverse effects, differences toxic potency have been detected animal tests. It is generally accepted that themselves biologically...

Game meat may contain elevated concentrations of lead especially if lead-containing ammunition is used for hunting. Then a health risk possible consumer groups with high game intake. The in three edible parts (marketable from the area close to wound channel, saddle and haunch) red deer (Cervus elaphus) between animals hunted either or non‑lead were compared. Furthermore, levels lead-shot compared those roe wild boar. Ninety shot killed context this study (64 26 ammunition). Since...