In this report of a 5-yr longitudinal study workers employed at six cotton textile mills, exposure and across-shift FEV1 change were evaluated as possible predictors the annual in for yarn manufacturing workers. A total 611 had three repeatable spirometric tests, over least 3 yr, one (average three) test, while always working same shift. The "same shift" criterion controlled effect diurnal variation. Average was determined from measures lint-free elutriated dust combination with job...

To evaluate the effectiveness of current workplace standards in preventing chronic health effects from cotton dust exposure, a 5-yr longitudinal study large multimill population textile and synthetic process workers, employed at major U.S. company, was conducted. control for assess effect type work area on annual change lung function, we limited analysis to those 1,817 subjects who, throughout their history worked exclusively yarn manufacturing or slashing weaving, mills. The expected...

Inflammation is associated with various pulmonary diseases and contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. We previously identified a proinflammatory signaling pathway triggered by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in which stimulation G(q)-coupled GPCRs results activation transcription factor NF-kappaB. Because damage causes release multiple mediators acting through GPCRs, this likely contribute inflammatory processes injured lung. In an effort identify novel inhibitors...

Humans may be exposed to chlorine gas via accidental or intentional release, and effective countermeasures for the resulting lung injury are lacking. To develop a model in which therapeutic measures could evaluated, induced by inhalation two inbred mouse strains was examined. C57BL/6 FVB/N mice were 1.1 h varying doses of (197-289 ppm-h) evaluated indices at different times after exposure (6-48 h). Chlorine increases weight that more evident than mice. Both exhibited sloughing airway...

Background: A previously published cohort study of some 2670 employees the North American sand industry, followed through 1994, provided strong evidence a causal relationship between quartz exposure and death from both silicosis lung cancer, after allowance for cigarette smoking in absence known occupational carcinogens. Unexpectedly, significant excess mortality chronic non-malignant renal disease [observed 16; expected 7.6; standardized ratio (SMR) 212] was also found, whereas deaths...

Recent recommendations for wood dust sampling include according to the inhalable convention of International Organization Standardization (ISO) 7708 (1995) Air quality—particle size fraction definitions health-related sampling. However, a specific device is not mandated, and while several samplers have laboratory performance approaching theoretical an 'inhalable' sampler, best choice sampler clear. A side-by-side field study was considered most practical test as tests consider overall based...

Chlorine gas is considered a chemical threat agent that can cause acute lung injury. Studies in the early 20th century on war gases led Haber to postulate dose of an inhaled expressed as product concentration and exposure time leads constant toxicological effect (Haber’s Law). In present work, mice were exposed chlorine (100 ppm-h) delivered using different combinations (800 ppm/7.5 min, 400 ppm/15 200 ppm/30 100 ppm/60 min). Significant effects protocol survival evaluated 6 h after...

This study assessed environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposures of nonsmoking musicians in nightclub environments using total suspended particulate (TSP), the ultraviolet absorbing fraction TSP (UVPM), gaseous nicotine, saliva cotinine, and perceived smokiness as exposure/dose indicators. Measured were high or higher than those other occupational groups studied. ranged from 110 to 1714 µg/m3 (mean 502, SD 390 µg/m3). UVPM 221, 95 µg/m3) was associated with nicotine concentrations....

A cohort mortality study of 2670 men in nine North American industrial sand plants resulted 83 deaths from lung cancer 20 or more years after hire (standardized ratio 139) and 37 silicosis (including seven silico-tuberculosis). The excess was unrelated to duration employment not found all plants.The primary aim determine whether risk among these employees related quantitative estimates crystalline silica exposure, allowance for cigarette smoking. secondary do the same mortality, partly as a...

Exposures to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were studied for effects on respiratory health of workers in two plants manufacturing polyurethane foams. Intensive personal monitoring was used characterize job exposures. Of 4,845 12-min samples, 9% exceeded 5 ppb and 1% 20 ppb. Initial questionnaire spirometry obtained 386 (88.7% target population). Current smoking associated with lower mean FEV1 FEF25-75, but percent predicted (% pred) means normal all categories. Multiple regression showed...

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Background. This study examines prevalence of respiratory conditions in New Orleans-area restoration workers after Hurricane Katrina. Methods. Between 2007 and 2010, spirometry health occupational questionnaire were administered to 791 adults who mostly worked the building construction maintenance trades or custodial services. The associations between work hours lung function symptoms examined by multiple linear regression, , logistic regression. Results. 74% participants performed...

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated city New Orleans in August 2005, restoration workers were at risk for respiratory illness from exposure to airborne particles and microbial agents. support an epidemiologic investigation this risk, assessment work activities (demolition, trash & debris management, landscape restoration, sewer/waterline repair, mold remediation) was performed 2005 2012. For 2006, Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) data (n = 730) personal...

Objectives This study aimed to characterize the relationship between radiographic silicosis and exposure respirable quartz determine how affects disease progression. Methods Surveillance chest radiographs from a cohort of 1902 workers were examined identify 67 cases 167 matched controls. Exposures estimated by linking work histories job matrix (JEM) based on samples collected participating companies historical estimates. Conditional logistic regression was used examine exposure‒response...

Abstract The isomeric composition of airborne toluene diisocyanate has been determined in two plants producing slab stock flexible polyurethane foam. high performance liquid chromatographic technique used for analysis the collected samples was optimized quantitative and qualitative determination 2,4 2,6-TDI. data indicates that there is a very large increase amount 2,6-TDI relative to isomer, as compared starting material process. magnitude dependent on stage production. These results are...

Both cigarette smoke (CS) and asbestos cause lung inflammation cancer, at high exposure levels, populations exposed to both of these carcinogens display a synergistic increase in the development cancer. The mechanisms through which two toxic agents interact promote tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Here, we begin dissect inflammatory signals induced by combination with CS using rodent inhalation model vitro cell culture. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were room air as control, CS, and/or (4 days...

Abstract This paper describes the experiments and results of an exhaustive critical laboratory study which evaluated performance continuous area personal monitors popularly used in measuring concentrations TDI industrial environments. The studies consisted dynamic calibrations, effect humidity temperature on measurements, interferences due to commonly encountered contaminants a manufacturing plant. response resolution monitor for short-term fluctuations concentration time space are also reported.