This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis on the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants. A total 12 in vivo studies 10 articles were integrated into database. Ruminant species included dairy cows, beef cattle and sheep. Concentration 3-NOP diets varied 0 280 mg/kg dry matter intake (DMI). Parameters CH4 emissions, rumen fermentation, microbial population, nutrient digestibility animal performance. Meta-analysis data was performed by using mixed...

The objective of this experiment was to test the effects combining plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins at varying proportions on vitro ruminal methane ammonia formation. Tannins were extracted from Swietenia mahogani leaves Sapindus rarak fruits with various solvents. obtained most efficient solvents (tannins: 75% water 25% methanol; saponins: pure methanol) then used vitro. treatments consisted two substrate types (high-forage (HF) or high-concentrate (HC) diets) five extract...

Abstract This study was done to investigate which components of rice bran (RB) are involved in the inhibition methanogenesis by fractionating and adding it a rumen vitro culture system. The RB extract obtained using ethanol water screened an fermentation experimental treatment conditions were as follows: control group containing substrate without supplements; substrates with 0.06 g RB; 0.6 mL ethanol; distilled (DW); ethanol‐soluble fraction (ESF); ethanol‐insoluble (EIRB); water‐soluble...

Nutritive values of green and black tea by-products anti-nutritive activity their tannins were evaluated in an vitro rumen fermentation using various molecular weights polyethylene glycols (PEG), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polypyrrolidone as tannin-binding agents. Significant improvement gas production by addition PEG4000, 6000 20000 PVP was observed only from by-product, but not by-product. All tannin binding agents increased NH3-N concentration both the medium, PEG6000 showed relatively...

Abstract BACKGROUND Total mixed ration ( TMR ) is widely used for dairy cattle and needs to be prepared daily because it deteriorates rapidly. Ensiling allows preservation saves labour at the farm; however, silage fermentation may influence various nutritional components. The objectives of this study were evaluate changes in vitro rumen that was stored different temperatures durations on a laboratory scale comparison with those typical before ensiling. RESULTS No distinct crude protein CP ),...

Soluble sugars in feeds are important for ruminant production; however, performing numerous sugar analyses within a short period is laborious task. Here, we developed phenol-sulfuric acid (PSA) assay microplate format to quantify soluble feeds. This method easy and quick requires only small quantity of harmful reagents. We found that measurements were not affected by the representative organic acids alcohol contained The treatment activated charcoal with ethanol extract prior PSA was...

Abstract This study evaluated the fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production of sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanese ) silage with tea leaf waste green tea, oolong black added. All types contain large amounts nitrogen (N) tannins, a small amount low‐water‐soluble carbohydrates. Sudangrass was preserved without (control) (GTW), (OTW) or (BTW) at rates 50, 100 200 g kg −1 fresh matter laboratory silos. The pH butyric acid levels were significantly lower GTW all OTW rate, whereas those...

Abstract Immediately after World War Two, Japan's fertility declined by more than 50 per cent in 10 years. This unprecedented decline of resulted a substantial shift personal resource allocation away from childrearing and induced rapid accumulation physical capital the 1950s, which provided strong base for achieving phenomenal economic growth late 1950s to early 1970s. By heavily drawing upon two simulation models, this paper attempts show how large demographic bonus was post-war Japan...

Green and black tea by-products, obtained from ready-made industry, were ensiled at 10°C, 20°C, 30°C. by-product silage (GTS) (BTS) opened 5, 10, 45 days after ensiling. Fermentation characteristics nutrient composition, including tannins, monitored the silages on day subjected to in vitro ruminal fermentation assess anti-nutritive effects of tannins using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a tannin-binding agent. Results showed that GTS BTS stable fermented slightly when 10°C. The stored 20°C...

Roots are plant organs that absorb nutrients and water. While roots serve as sink for in perennial woody species, the dynamics of nutrient accumulation annual particularly crop species like Oryza sativa L. (rice), not well understood. Japanese rice cultivars bred whole-crop silage exhibit large aboveground biomass a notably small number spikelets. This sink-source imbalance leads to non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) stems after heading. It is hypothesized with substantial might also develop...

Rooibos is rich in flavonoids such as aspalathin, which a unique C-glycosyl dihydrochalcone, that used traditional herbal tea. This study was designed to evaluate the vitro xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of aspalathin-rich fraction (ARF) and purified aspalathin from rooibos. The hypouricemic effects ARF on hyperuricemic mice were also assessed. prepared aqueous extract unfermented rooibos leaves stems, it collected by column chromatography; content this 21.4%. inhibited XOD...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects protein supplementation green tea waste (GTW) on performance lactating cows.Another aim increase resource utilization and eliminate any environmental negative impact from waste.GTW a beverage company ensiled at low pH (<4.0) high acetic acid lactic concentration, it contained crude (CP, 34.8%), total extractable tannins (TET, 9.2%) condensed tannin (CT, 1.7%).Two experiments were conducted investigate palatability in cows fed GTW.In...

Abstract The effects of green tea waste (GTW) addition on the ensiling forage were investigated. Wet and dried GTW added at 10, 50, 100 200 g kg −1 fresh matter (FM) 2, 10 20 FM, respectively, decreased pH increased lactic acid concentration silages, whereas butyric ammonia nitrogen content, as a proportion total nitrogen, lowered, compared with silage without additives (control). To investigate effect GTW‐associated LAB fermentation, wet was sterilized by autoclaving or gamma irradiation 50...

Abstract This study investigated the effect of fumarate (FUM) and rice bran (RB), alone together, on in vitro rumen fermentation, methanogenesis methanogens. In incubation was performed with six media that were either unsupplemented (control) or supplemented 10% RB, 5 mmol/L FUM, RB + 10 FUM. Methane (CH 4 ) production, dry matter digestibility, CH per digested matter, total short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) proportion SCFA, acetate : proprionate ratio, production NH 3 ‐N, population density...

Endoglucanase Cel5A from Clostridium josui contains a family 17 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) (CjCBM17) and 28 CBM (CjCBM28) in tandem. These two CBMs bound to non-crystalline cellulose beta-1,3-1,4-glucan. Our results indicate that the recognized different components on cell wall of sweet potato root. The root was cut into longitudinal sections. We used CjCBM17 CjCBM28 fused fluorescent proteins visualize differential recognition plant wall. When they were microscopically observed,...

In tropical countries, perennial grasses are the key feed resources for ruminants; having high nutritional characteristics important maintaining productivity and health of animals.In this study, nutrient composition in vitro ruminal degradation as well short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production 7 grown over short cutting intervals were compared with those corn rice straw.Grasses harvested at 35 -39 days after regrowth wet season Laguna, Philippines.Crude protein (CP) contents not remarkably...

To understand the lignocellulose degradation activity of Clostridium josui cellulosome, a carbohydrate‐binding module scaffoldin Cj CBM3 was characterized. shows binding to crystalline cellulose, non‐crystalline cellulose and soluble polysaccharides. The isotherm acid‐swollen is best fitted by Langmuir two‐site model, suggesting that there are two sites on with different affinities. second site lower affinity larger capacity, cellulosome directly targeted surface high affinity, where amounts...