Introduction: Current recommendations for diagnostic imaging moderately to severely ill patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include chest radiograph (CXR). Our primary objective was determine whether lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines, when excluding alternative etiologies are more sensitive the associated diagnosis of COVID-19 than CXR.Methods: This a retrospective cohort study all who presented single, academic emergency department in United States between March 20 and...

Abstract Background Routine pneumococcal vaccination has contributed to the overall decrease in pediatric cases of invasive disease (IPD). However, there been an increase non-vaccine serotypes (NVT) causing IPD North America, Europe, and Australia. We describe hospital admissions Streptococcus pneumoniae-related illness at a tertiary health care center from 2022-2024. Methods Retrospective chart review was conducted non-IPD admitted Children’s Hospital Georgia April 2022-April 2023...

Abstract Naegleria fowleri is a high-temperature freshwater-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) by invading nasal epithelium. N. lives ubiquitously in freshwater, but only around 400 cases of PAM have been published worldwide. The mortality rate 98%. No treatment 100% effective. A previously healthy 17-year-old female presented to an urgent care center with fever, headache, sore throat, ear pain, and dizziness. She had swum freshwater 5 days prior. Her...

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children around world. According to WHO, a total 740,180 lives under age five were lost due pneumonia in 2019. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown be particularly useful for supporting diagnosis and reducing mortality resource-limited settings. The wide application point-of-care at bedside limited mainly lack training data acquisition interpretation. Artificial Intelligence can serve as potential tool automate improve LUS interpretation process,...

Aim. To characterize antibiotic (ab) prescriptions in children. Methods. Evaluation of outpatient ab a 3-year cohort children primary care using data warehouse (Massachusetts Health Disparities Repository) by comorbid conditions, demographics, and clinical indication. Results. A total 15 208 with nearly 120 000 visits were included. About one third had condition (most commonly asthma). Among the 30 prescriptions, first-line penicillins macrolides represented most frequent (70%), followed...

Abstract COVID-19 disease has been a pandemic caused by β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A life-threatening multisystem inflammatory (MIS), secondary to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, sharing common features with Kawasaki shock syndrome, staphylococcal/streptococcal and macrophage activation in pediatric patients described. total of 27 cases adults (MIS-A) similar presentation have reported so far. Here we describe the case 21-year-old man admitted...

Abstract Background Over 300,000 people in the United States are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, parasite that causes Chagas disease. Less than 1% of those have received antitrypanosomal therapy. We report findings an ongoing project to address disease East Boston, including epidemiology and cascade care for this Methods Providers at Boston Neighborhood Health Center were offered continuing medical education sessions on by Strong Hearts project. One-time screening is recommended all...

Objective This study aimed to describe maternal characteristics and clinical outcomes of infants born mothers with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests during pregnancy at an urban, safety-net hospital in Boston. Study Design We abstracted electronic chart data from 75 pregnant women SARS-CoV-2 any stage gestation until 72 hours after birth who delivered consecutively between March 31 August 6, 2020 our center. collected on infant characteristics,...

Abstract Background This study reports on the results of a screening program for Chagas disease in East Boston. Methods Based at Boston Neighborhood Health Center, Strong Hearts Program offers continuing medical education sessions to providers Adult Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Medicine and Obstetrics. Providers are encouraged offer one-time all patients who lived Mexico, South or Central America ≥6 months, their discretion. A commercial lab performs initial test using Hemagen ELISA while...

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> After a decrease in pediatric invasive group A streptococcal cases during the peak of COVID-19 infection isolation guidelines 2020 and 2021, Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) documented surge multiple states across United States late 2022.<bold>Methods</bold> We performed retrospective chart review exploring both infections (iGAS) noninvasive (non-iGAS) admissions to Children’s Hospital Georgia from July 1, 2021 June 30, 2023....

Bamlanivimab and etesevimab had been granted emergency use authorization in children under 12 years who are at risk of progression from mild/moderate coronavirus disease 2019 to severe hospitalization.We report on a 5-year-old white male with preexisting conditions, predisposing him disease, developed hypoxia flushing 3 minutes into his infusion, thus meeting the criteria for anaphylaxis.We believe this patient either an immunoglobulin E-mediated anaphylactic or non-immunoglobulin...

Hand-held ultrasound devices are emerging as a promising intervention to aid in diagnosing deadly early childhood pneumonia the developing world. Lung (LUS) data, however, can be difficult read and interpret accurately, thus require trained professionals. A variety of deep learning (DL) models have been developed professionals this task, but difficulty curating quality training datasets limits generalization capabilities these models. To combat data scarcity, we utilized DL on LUS collected...

Abstract Background In low and middle-income countries (LMICs) pneumonia is by far the leading cause of death among children &amp;lt; 5 years age. A key factor challenge diagnosis. Chest X-Ray gold standard for diagnoses but exposes to ionizing radiation mainly restricted hospital settings. advances in artificial intelligence (AI) render possible automated interpretation mobile bedside US (mBSUS) images on a smartphone, obviating need radiologist. Ultraspund findings Artificial feature...

Abstract Background The majority of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in Africa reflect maternal-to-child transmission. HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) children have increased rates morbidity and mortality when compared to unexposed (HUU) children. mechanisms behind these unexpected trends are only partially understood could be explained by the differences immune response infections triggered an altered system state. Methods Using quantitative reverse transcription...

Abstract Background Childhood pneumonia is one of the leading causes death in low-income countries. The diagnosis pediatric a critical epidemiological duty for treatment effectiveness and vaccine surveillance. Previous studies have demonstrated an important lack correlation between CXR findings clinical WHO case definition severe pneumonia. Lung Point Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has multiple to be more sensitive specific diagnosing population. With no exposure radiation, extensive availability...

Background: We describe the components of an improved and easy-to-implement strategy to reduce CLABSI events in NICU implemented during July–September 2021 a tertiary-care healthcare center. These strategies were added existing institutional protocol created following CDC guidelines. Methods: During previous timeframe implementation new strategies, insertion-related prevention measures [ie, hand hygiene, use personal protective equipment (PPE), catheter size selection, standard chlorhexidine...

Objective: To describe the strategies implemented at a tertiary-care healthcare center neopnatal intensive care unit (NICU) to control and assure prevention of subsequent central-line bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) with Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 4 cases CLABSI this organism were detected. Methods: During months September 2020 February 2021, reported in our NICU patients meeting criteria for extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants. All treated according IDSA guidelines management...

Abstract Background A resurgence of invasive Group Streptococcus (iGAS) infection in children was observed Colorado and Minnesota by the Centers For Disease Control Prevention (CDC) during fall 2022. Cases were accompanied hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) influenza. We describe hospital admissions with iGAS non infections at a tertiary health care center Augusta, GA 2021 2022; only children’s Hospital 150 licensed beds population 201.196 as 2021. Methods used definition...

Introduction: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri is rare, rapidly progressive, and often fatal. The Centers for Disease Control has documented 154 US cases with only 4 survivors; thus timely diagnosis treatment remain a challenge. Description: A previously healthy 17-year-old female, who swam at lake, was admitted to PICU 5 days of fever, headache, 24 hours progressive altered mental status. In the pediatric emergency department, patient profoundly...

Abstract Background Low rates of mother to child HIV transmission in Zambia, translates into a high number children who are exposed but uninfected (HEU) have increased mortality and morbidity when compared with unexposed (HUU). We performed secondary analysis on The Pneumonia Etiology Research Child Health (PERCH), case–control study focused identifying the etiologies pediatric pneumonia including two pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumocystis jirovecii Zambian evaluate if exposure...

Abstract Background COVID-19 transmission from mother to infant suggests that vertical and horizontal of are possible. Here we describe the demographic clinical characteristics outcomes SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women their newborns. Summarized Characteristics 19 Positive Mothers Delivered 3/31/20–6/17/20 at Boston Medical Center Methods We collected data electronic medical records women. Data composed maternal demographics morbidities, symptoms COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were used...

Abstract Background Most pediatric HIV cases in Africa reflect maternal to child transmission (MTCT). The persistently high seroprevalence of pregnant women (16.6%) and the low rates mother (~2%) have resulted a number children who are exposed but uninfected (HEU). (HEU) increased morbidity mortality vs. unexposed (HUU). Methods To explore mechanisms behind this phenomenon, each case control was sampled using nasopharyngeal NP swab an oropharyngeal (OP). A multiplex real-time polymerase...