Eunice Machuka
A5025662230- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Agricultural pest management studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Plant and fungal interactions
International Livestock Research Institute
2016-2024
Kenya Forestry Research Institute
2022
Pan African Institute for Development
2022
Institute for Basic Science
2022
Pan-Atlantic University
2022
Université de Yaoundé I
2022
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
2020-2022
Stellenbosch University
2022
The Ohio State University
2022
MRC Unit the Gambia
2014-2022
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years. In this study, we estimated causes pneumonia in young African and Asian children, using novel analytical methods applied to clinical microbiological findings.
Previous studies suggested an association between upper airway pneumococcal colonization density and pneumonia, but data in children are limited. Using from the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study, we assessed this potential association. PERCH is a case-control study 7 countries: Bangladesh, The Gambia, Kenya, Mali, South Africa, Thailand, Zambia. Cases were aged 1–59 months hospitalized with World Organization–defined severe or very pneumonia. Controls randomly...
The etiologic inference of identifying a pathogen in the upper respiratory tract (URT) children with pneumonia is unclear. To determine if viral load could provide evidence causality pneumonia, we compared URT World Health Organization-defined severe and very age-matched community controls.In 9 developing country sites, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs from without were tested using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for 17 viruses. association case status was evaluated...
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is one of the important climate-resilient legume crops for food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethiopia believed to harbor high cowpea genetic diversity, but this has not yet been efficiently characterized exploited breeding. The objective study was evaluate extent pattern diversity 357 accestions comprising landraces (87%), breeding lines (11%) released varieties (2%), using single nucleotide polymorphism markers. overall gene...
The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a key laboratory model for metazoan biology. C. has also become parasitic nematodes despite being only distantly related to most species. All of the ∼65 species currently in culture are free-living, with having been isolated from decaying plant or fungal matter. bovis particularly unusual that several times inflamed ears Zebu cattle Eastern Africa, where it associated disease bovine otitis. therefore particular interest researchers...
Abstract African swine fever (ASF) caused by the virus (ASFV) is ranked OIE as most important source of mortality in domestic pigs globally and indigenous to wild suids soft ticks. Despite two ASFV genotypes causing economically devastating epidemics outside continent since 1961, there have been no genome-level analyses evolution Africa. The was recently transported from south-eastern Africa Georgia 2007 has subsequently spread Russia, eastern Europe, China, south-east Asia with...
Molecular analyses of lung aspirates from Gambian children with severe pneumonia detected pathogens more frequently than did culture and showed a predominance bacteria, principally Streptococcuspneumoniae, >75% being serotypes covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Multiple were frequently, notably Haemophilus influenzae (mostly nontypeable) together S. pneumoniae.
Chest radiographs (CXRs) are frequently used to assess pneumonia cases. Variations in CXR appearances between epidemiological settings and their correlation with clinical signs not well documented.The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project enrolled 4232 cases of hospitalized World Organization (WHO)-defined severe very from 9 sites 7 countries (Bangladesh, the Gambia, Kenya, Mali, South Africa, Thailand, Zambia). At admission, each case underwent a standardized assessment risk...
There is limited information on the association between colonization density of upper respiratory tract colonizers and pathogen-specific pneumonia. We assessed this for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumocystis jirovecii.In 7 low- middle-income countries, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs from children with severe pneumonia age-frequency matched community controls were tested using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differences in median...
Induced sputum (IS) may provide diagnostic information about the etiology of pneumonia. The safety this procedure across a heterogeneous population with severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries has not been described. IS specimens were obtained as part 7-country study very hospitalized children <5 years age. Rigorous clinical monitoring was done before, during, after to record oxygen requirement, saturation, respiratory rate, consciousness level, other evidence deterioration....
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect varying roughage and concentrate proportions, in diet crossbreed dairy cattle, on composition associated functional genes rumen fecal microbiota. We also explored samples as a proxy for liquor samples. Six crossbred cattle were reared three diets with an increasing reducing amount consecutive 10-day periods. After each period, individual collected analyzed through shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Average relative abundance identified...
African swine fever (ASF) is the most important disease constraining smallholder pig production in Democratic Republic of Congo, causing high mortality domestic pigs with severe impacts on livelihoods local populations. This study was conducted aim determining prevalence ASF and circulating virus genotypes asymptomatic raised farms South Kivu province to understand transmission dynamics ultimately improving control. A cross-sectional survey carried out 5 districts where 267 blood were...
It is standard practice for laboratories to assess the cellular quality of expectorated sputum specimens check that they originated from lower respiratory tract. The presence low numbers squamous epithelial cells (SECs) and high polymorphonuclear (PMN) are regarded as indicative a tract specimen. However, these ratings have never been evaluated induced children with suspected pneumonia. We Gram stain smears cultures hospitalized aged 1–59 months enrolled in large study community-acquired...
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs. The analysis variable regions virus (ASFV) genome led to more genotypic serotypic information about circulating strains. present study aimed at investigating the genetic diversity ASFV strains in symptomatic pigs South Kivu province Democratic Republic Congo (DRC).
Sputum examination can be useful in diagnosing the cause of pneumonia adults but is less well established children. We sought to assess diagnostic utility polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection respiratory viruses and bacteria induced sputum (IS) specimens from children hospitalized with severe or very pneumonia.Among aged 1-59 months, we compared organism by multiplex PCR IS nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) specimens. To whether presence density was associated chest radiographic...
Sputum microscopy and culture are commonly used for diagnosing the cause of pneumonia in adults but rarely performed children due to difficulties obtaining specimens. Induced sputum is occasionally investigate lower respiratory infections has not been widely etiology studies.
Unraveling the genetic diversity of livestock species is central to understanding their value and importance for conservation improvement in diverse production environments. In developing countries, information on attributes many unfortunately scanty support well-informed decision-making upon relevant management strategies. This study aimed at investigating allelic variability, diversity, relationships 10 indigenous chicken ecotypes from Southern Highlands Tanzania using Major...
Brucellosis, caused by several species of the genus Brucella, is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and animal worldwide. Information on Brucella circulating in different hosts Kenya largely unknown, thus limiting adoption targeted control strategies. This study was conducted multi-host livestock populations to detect assess evidence host-pathogen associations. Serum samples were collected from 228 cattle, 162 goats, 158 sheep, 49 camels, 257 Narok Marsabit counties Kenya. age, location...
Carica papaya L. is an important fruit crop grown by small- and large-scale farmers in Kenya for local export markets. However, its production constrained ringspot disease (PRSD). The believed to be caused virus (PRSV). Previous attempts detect PRSV plants showing PRSD symptoms, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures with primers specific PRSV, have not yielded conclusive results. Therefore, the nature of viruses...
A major risk factor for the spread of livestock diseases and their vectors is uncontrolled transboundary movement live animals trade grazing. Such movements constrain effective control tick-transmitted pathogens, including Theileria parva. Only limited studies have been undertaken to identify ticks tick-borne (TTBDs) affecting cattle in central African countries, Cameroon. We hereby report collection baseline data on prevalence T. parva Cameroon through a countrywide cross-sectional survey,...
Variable adherence to standardized case definitions, clinical procedures, specimen collection techniques, and laboratory methods has complicated the interpretation of previous multicenter pneumonia etiology studies. To circumvent these problems, a program standardization was embedded in Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study.Between March 2011 August 2013, training on PERCH definition, specimens delivered 331 staff at 9 study sites 7 countries (The Gambia, Kenya, Mali,...
Detection of pneumococcus by lytA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood had poor diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia children 9 African and Asian sites. We assessed the value quantification pneumonia.The Pneumonia Etiology Research Child Health (PERCH) case-control study tested whole PCR aged 1-59 months hospitalized with signs age-frequency matched community controls. The distribution load among PCR-positive participants was compared between microbiologically...
Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death in young children globally. The changing epidemiology pneumonia requires up-to-date data to guide both case management and prevention programs. Gambia study site contributed a high child mortality, incidence, low HIV prevalence, Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumococcal conjugate vaccines-vaccinated rural West African setting Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.The PERCH was 7-country case-control etiology hospitalized severe 1-59...