Sandra Panchalingam
A5001834480- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Gut microbiota and health
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Nursing Roles and Practices
- Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
University of Maryland, Baltimore
2014-2024
Johns Hopkins University
2022
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2015
Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
2002
University of Birmingham
1996-1997
Background. Diarrhea is a leading cause of illness and death among children aged <5 years in developing countries. This paper describes the clinical epidemiological methods used to conduct Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), 3-year, prospective, age-stratified, case/control study estimate population-based burden, microbiologic etiology, adverse consequences acute moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) censused population 0–59 months seeking care at health centers sub-Saharan Africa South...
Abstract Background Diarrheal diseases continue to contribute significantly morbidity and mortality in infants young children developing countries. There is an urgent need better understand the contributions of novel, potentially uncultured, diarrheal pathogens severe disease, as well distortions normal gut microbiota composition that might facilitate disease. Results We use high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing compare fecal under five years age who have been diagnosed with moderate...
Shigella case isolates from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study were serotyped to guide vaccine development. A quadrivalent that includes O antigens S. sonnei, flexneri 2a, 3a, and 6 should provide broad protection. Background. Shigella, a major diarrheal disease pathogen worldwide, is target of The (GEMS) investigated burden etiology moderate-to-severe in children aged <60 months matched controls without diarrhea during 3 years at 4 sites Africa Asia. was 1 most common pathogens across age...
Background The importance of Cryptosporidium as a pediatric enteropathogen in developing countries is recognized. Methods Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), 3-year, 7-site, case-control study moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and GEMS-1A (1-year MSD less-severe [LSD]) were analyzed. Stools 12,110 3,174 LSD cases among children aged <60 months 21,527 randomly-selected controls matched by age, sex community immunoassay-tested for Cryptosporidium. Species subset...
To understand the etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrhea among children in high mortality areas sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, we performed a comprehensive case/control study aged <5 years at 7 sites. Each site employed an identical design each utilized uniform set microbiological assays to identify likely bacterial, viral protozoal etiologies. The selected effected balanced consideration cost, robustness performance, all were Identification bacterial pathogens streamlined conventional...
Background. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a cause of epidemic and sporadic diarrhea, yet its role as an enteric pathogen not fully understood. Methods. We characterized 121 EAEC strains isolated in 2008 part case-control study moderate to severe acute diarrhea among children 0–59 months age Bamako, Mali. applied multiplex polymerase chain reaction comparative genome hybridization identify potential virulence factors the strains, coupled with classification regression tree...
ABSTRACT Estimates of the prevalence Shigella spp. are limited by suboptimal sensitivity current diagnostic and surveillance methods. We used a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect in stool samples 3,533 children aged <59 months from Gambia, Mali, Kenya, Bangladesh, with or without moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD). compared results conventional culture those qPCR for ipaH gene. Using MSD as reference standard, we determined optimal cutpoint be 2.9 × 10 4 copies per 100 ng DNA set 1 (...
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) encoding heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) alone or with heat-labile (LT) cause moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in developing country children. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) identified ETEC ST among the top four enteropathogens. Since GEMS objective was to provide evidence guide development and implementation of enteric vaccines other interventions diminish diarrheal disease morbidity mortality, we examined colonization factor...
The association between childhood diarrheal disease and linear growth faltering in developing countries is well described. However, the impact attributed to specific pathogens has not been elucidated, nor of recommended antibiotic treatment.The Global Enteric Multicenter Study enrolled children with moderate severe diarrhea (MSD) seeking healthcare at 7 sites sub-Saharan Africa South Asia. At enrollment, we collected stool samples identify enteropathogens. Length/height was measured...
Maternal influenza immunisation can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infection in pregnant women young infants. We aimed to determine the vaccine efficacy of maternal against infant PCR-confirmed influenza, duration protection, effect gestational age at vaccination on efficacy, birth outcomes, growth up 6 months age.We did a pooled analysis three randomised controlled trials done Nepal (2011-2014), Mali South Africa (2011-2013). Pregnant women, 17-34 weeks Nepal, 28 or more...
Human adenovirus of strains subgenus F (AdV F) are the most common detected in acute gastroenteritis cases developing countries. Subgenus is represented by AdV serotype 40 (AdV-40) and AdV-41. Most reports have described predominance AdV-41 cases. To gain insight into epidemiology genetic variation strains, we analyzed 1,053 stool specimens from children with diarrhea. Among them, 42 (4.0%) 56 (5.3%) were positive for enteric 40/41 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) PCR, respectively....
The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study was conducted across 7 diverse research sites and relied on standardized clinical laboratory methods the accurate meaningful interpretation of pneumonia etiology data. Blood, respiratory specimens, urine were collected from children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with severe or very community controls same age without tested an extensive array diagnostic tests. A testing algorithm standard operating procedures applied all sites. Site...
It is standard practice for laboratories to assess the cellular quality of expectorated sputum specimens check that they originated from lower respiratory tract. The presence low numbers squamous epithelial cells (SECs) and high polymorphonuclear (PMN) are regarded as indicative a tract specimen. However, these ratings have never been evaluated induced children with suspected pneumonia. We Gram stain smears cultures hospitalized aged 1–59 months enrolled in large study community-acquired...
Molecular identification of the invasion plasmid antigen-H (ipaH) gene has been established as a useful detection mechanism for Shigella spp. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) identified etiology and burden moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in sub-Saharan Africa south Asia using case-control study traditional culture techniques. Here, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to identify 2,611 stool specimens from GEMS compared these results those culture. Demographic...
Objective To evaluate factors associated with rotavirus diarrhea and to describe severity of illness among children <5 years old non-dysenteric, moderate-to-severe (MSD) in rural western Kenya. Methods We analyzed data from non-dysenteric MSD enrolled as cases the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) A case was defined a child ≥3 loose stools 24 hrs. one or more following: sunken eyes, skin tenting, intravenous rehydration, hospitalization, who sought care at sentinel health center within...
Pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract exist within a vast population of microbes. We examined associations between pathogens and composition gut microbiota as they relate to Shigella spp./enteroinvasive Escherichia coli infection. analyzed 3,035 stool specimens (1,735 nondiarrheal 1,300 moderate-to-severe diarrheal) from Global Enteric Multicenter Study for 9 enteropathogens. Diarrheal had higher number enteropathogens (diarrheal mean 1.4, 0.95; p<0.0001). Rotavirus showed negative...
Background Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in young children Africa. We examined factors associated with infection MSD cases enrolled at the rural western Kenya Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) site from 2008-2012. Methodology/Principal findings At health facility enrollment, stool samples were tested for enteric pathogens and data on clinical, environmental, behavioral characteristics collected. Each child's status was recorded 60-day...
Cultivation-based assays combined with PCR or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methods for finding virulence factors are standard detecting bacterial pathogens in stools; however, emerging molecular technologies, new have become available. The aim of this study was to compare four distinct detection technologies the identification stools from children under 5 years age Gambia, Mali, Kenya, and Bangladesh. were identified, using currently accepted clinical protocols, as either...
Water, sanitation, and hygiene information was collected during a matched case-control study of moderate severe diarrhea (MSD) among 4,096 children < 5 years age in Bamako, Mali. Primary use piped water (conditional odds ratio [cOR] = 0.45; 0.34–0.62), continuous access (cOR 0.30; 0.20–0.43), fetching daily 0.77; 0.63–0.96), breastfeeding 0.65; 0.49–0.88) significantly reduced the likelihood MSD. Fetching > 30 minutes 2.56; 1.55–4.23) associated with Piped tap courier-delivered...