A5058281388- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Galectins and Cancer Biology
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Microscopic Colitis
- Gut microbiota and health
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Digestive system and related health
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Gastric Cancer Management and Outcomes
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Infant Nutrition and Health
University of Liverpool
2013-2023
University of Detroit Mercy
2022
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
1993-2021
Guts UK
2021
University of Manchester
2011-2014
Edward Hospital
2014
University of Copenhagen
2011
Shandong University
2011
Royal College of Physicians
1980-2010
Newcastle University
2001
Of Microbes and Cancer Inflammation is a well-established driver of tumorigenesis. For example, patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an elevated risk developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether the gut microbiota also contributes to development CRC less well understood. Arthur et al. (p. 120 , published online 16 August; see Perspective by Schwabe Wang ) now show that does indeed promote tumorigenesis in inflammation-driven model mice. Although germ-free mice were protected against...
The thickness of adherent mucus gel on the surface colonic mucosa was measured in surgically resected specimens from 46 'control' patients most whom had carcinoma colon; 12 were right colon, 17 left and 21 rectum. In addition examined with ulcerative colitis 15 Crohn's disease. controls a continuous layer readily seen specially prepared sections viewed by phase contrast illumination. Mean values for colon rectum 107 (48), 134 (68), 155 (54) microns respectively significant difference between...
<h3>Background</h3> Crohn9s disease is common in developed nations where the typical diet low fibre and high processed food. Primary lesions overlie Peyer9s patches colonic lymphoid follicles bacterial invasion through M-cells occurs. We have assessed effect of soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) food emulsifiers on translocation <i>Escherichia coli</i> across M-cells. <h3>Methods</h3> To assess effects plant fibres mucosa-associated <i>E isolates from patients non-Crohn9s controls, we...
<h3>Objective</h3> Colonic mucosa-associated <i>Escherichia coli</i> are increased in Crohn9s disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). They variously haemagglutinate, invade epithelial cell lines, replicate within macrophages, translocate across M (microfold) cells damage DNA<i>.</i> We investigated genes responsible for these effects their co-association colonic mucosal isolates. <h3>Design</h3> A fosmid library yielding 968 clones was prepared <i>E EPI300-T1 using DNA from a...
Patients with metastatic cancer commonly have increased serum galectin-3 concentrations, but it is not known whether this has any functional implications for progression. We report that MUC1, a large transmembrane mucin protein overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated in epithelial cancer, natural ligand galectin-3. Recombinant at concentrations (0.2-1.0 microg/ml) similar to those found the sera of patients adhesion MUC1-expressing human breast (ZR-75-1) colon (HT29-5F7) cells umbilical...
The effects of sodium butyrate and bromo-octanoate (an inhibitor beta oxidation) on colonic mucus glycoprotein (mucin) synthesis have been assessed using tissue from resection samples. Epithelial biopsy specimens were incubated for 16 hours in RPMI 1640 with glutamine, supplemented 10% fetal calf serum N-acetyl-[3H]-glucosamine ([3H]-Glc NAc), differing concentrations butyrate. Incorporation [3H] Glc NAc into mucin by normal epithelium at least 10 cm distant cancer was increased the presence...
Formation of tumour cell aggregation/emboli prolongs the survival circulating cells in circulation, enhances their physical trapping micro-vasculature and thus increases metastatic spread cancer to remote sites.It shows here that presence galactoside-binding galectin-3, whose concentration is markedly increased blood circulation patients, homotypic aggregation under anchorage-independent conditions by interaction with oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich carbohydrate (Galbeta1,3GalNAcalpha-, TF)...
A retrospective light microscopic study of 310 consecutive endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens was performed. Spiral bacteria were found in 42% cases and, apart from occasional organisms parietal cell canaliculi, confined to the surface glands and epithelium. Electron selected showed be approximately 6 micron maximum length 0.7 diameter with a spiral periodicity 1.2 micron. significant association between occurrence gastritis noted but not carcinoma, peptic ulceration, or high pH aspirate.
Abstract Adhesion of circulating tumor cells to the blood vessel endothelium is a critical step in cancer metastasis. We show this study that galectin-3, concentration which greatly increased circulation patients, increases cell adhesion macrovascular and microvascular endothelial under static flow conditions, transendothelial invasion, decreases latency experimental metastasis athymic mice. These effects galectin-3 are shown be consequence its interaction with cancer-associated MUC1, breaks...
Abstract Purpose: Adhesion of disseminating tumor cells to the blood vascular endothelium is a pivotal step in metastasis. Previous investigations have shown that galectin-3 concentrations are increased bloodstream patients with cancer and promotes adhesion vitro experimental metastasis vivo. This study determined levels galectin-1, -2, -3, -4, -8, -9 sera healthy people colon breast assessed influence these galectins on cancer-endothelium adhesion. Experimental Design: Serum auto–anti-MUC1...
Crohn's disease (CD) incidence has increased over the past fifty years but explanation is unclear. CD can be brought into remission by liquid enteral feeding, mechanism for this response unknown. We suggest that consumption of emulsifiers in processed foods may promote increasing bacterial translocation. This supported evidence (i) geographical variation correlates with emulsifier as does Japan; (ii) although also fat consumption, to feeding not affected content feed and (iii) very small...
Emulsifiers are common components of processed foods consumed as part a Western diet. Emerging in vitro cell-line culture, mouse model and human intestinal tissue explant studies have all suggested that very low concentrations the food emulsifier polysorbate 80 may cause bacterial translocation across epithelium, inflammation metabolic syndrome. This raises possibility dietary emulsifiers might be factors conditions such coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes Crohn's disease. The potential...
Background Approximately one third of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) fail response to steroids. Ciclosporin and anti-TNFα are proven second-line therapies, but evidence their efficacy has come mainly from tertiary centres and/or selective clinical trial recruitment. Aim To assess ASUC outcomes in a large unselected cohort. Methods UK-wide audits IBD care were conducted 2008 (209 hospital sites) 2010 (198 sites), covering >87% admitting hospitals. Each site entered data...
Vitamin D is a hormone that acts on many genes expressed by immune cells. Evidence linking vitamin deficiency with COVID-19 severity circumstantial but considerable—links ethnicity, obesity, institutionalization; latitude and ultraviolet exposure; increased lung damage in experimental models; associations hospitalized patients. common readily preventable supplementation very safe cheap. A target blood level of at least 50 nmol l −1 , as indicated the US National Academy Medicine European...