Abstract Solar cells comprising earth‐abundant and non‐toxic elements with applicable bandgaps high absorption coefficients have attracted considerable interest over the past several decades are important devices for addressing future demand clean renewable energy. Antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) crystal material effectively meets these requirements owing to its suitable bandgap, coefficient, electron hole mobilities, earth abundance, excellent stability. Solution‐processed Sb films essential...

As an emerging photovoltaic material, antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has attracted considerable attention and research enthusiasm. However, the current solution-processed Sb2(S,Se)3 layers suffer from severe unfavorable energy band structure problems attributed to vertical gradient-variable Se/S atomic ratio, making it a challenging prospective subject. Herein, novel convenient alkali metal Cs+-induced ratio variation strategy been developed for first time regulate through...

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to investigate the possibility including more temporal and spatial information on short‐term inflow forecasting, which not easily attained in traditional time‐series models or conceptual hydrological models. In order achieve objective, an artificial neural network (ANN) model for forecasting developed several issues associated with use ANN are examined study. formulated used forecast 1‐ 7‐h ahead inflows into a hydropower reservoir....

Cloud computing enables resource-constrained Networked Control Systems (NCSs) to outsource heavy computations a cloud server with massive computational resources. However, Cloud-enabled NCSs (CE-NCSs) introduce new challenges arising from the trustworthiness of and cyber-physical connections between control system cloud. To address these concerns, this paper presents secure resilient mechanism, which employs customized cryptographic tools encrypt data problem develops verification methods...

Abstract In order to analyse the long‐term trend of precipitation in Asian Pacific FRIEND region, records from 30 river basins represent large range climatic and hydrological characteristics study area are selected. The time series its association with southern oscillation index (SOI) investigated. Application nonparametric Mann–Kendall test for has shown that only four these have a at 5% level significance. Nevertheless, most tend decrease over last several decades. dataset is further...

Abstract Government usually faces threat from multiple attackers. However, in the literature, researchers often model attackers as one monolithic player who chooses whether to attack, how much investment spend, and on which target, instead of treating independent agents. This modeling strategy may potentially cause suboptimal defense if have vastly different interests preferences not be combined theory. In this article, we develop a sequential game with complete information. considers...

The increasing integration of autonomous systems with publicly available networks exposes them to cyber attackers. An adversary can launch a man-in-the-middle attack gain control the system and inflict maximum damages collision suicidal attacks. To address this issue, work establishes an integrative game framework incorporate security into automatic designs, take account cyber-physical nature real-time requirements system. We establish signaling develop impact-aware defense mechanism...

To meet the growing railway-transportation demand, a new train control system, communication-based (CBTC) aims to maximize ability of lines by reducing headway each train. However, wireless communications expose CBTC system security threats. Due cyber-physical nature jamming attack can damage physical part disrupting communications. address this issue, we develop secure framework mitigate impact based on criterion. At cyber layer, apply multi-channel model enhance reliability and zero-sum...

The integration of a physically-based distributed model with geographic information system (GIS) in watershed-based water resources management is presented, and an example watershed chosen to demonstrate the spatial database modeling developed this study. data first processed by GIS. then used simulate runoff hydrographs. It operates at daily time step on 1 × km grid squares simulates important hydrologic processes including evapotranspiration, snowmelt, infiltration, aquifer recharge,...

Due to the high costs of 3D-printing infrastructure, outsourcing production third parties specializing in process becomes necessary. The integration a system with networked communications constitutes cyber-physical system, bringing new security challenges. Adversaries can explore vulnerabilities networks damage physical parts system. In this paper, we systems, and design cross-layer approach for At layer, use Markov jump model develop robust control policy deal uncertainties. cyber-layer,...

Antimony selenosulfide (Sb

Integrated with cloud computing technologies, a large-scale cyber-physical system (CPS) can outsource its extensive computations to cloud, creating cloud-enabled CPS (CE-CPS). However, outsourcing the computation an untrusted may expose privacy of data in CPS. To this end, paper presents secure and practical mechanism securely output feedback control problem Our approach combines standard homomorphic encryption (SHE) customized (CHE), allowing process on ciphertexts return desired results....

Abstract In large river basins, there may be considerable variations in both climate and land use across the region. The evapotranspiration that occurs over a basin drastically different from one part of region to another. potential influence these estimated for catchment is weakened by using spatially based distributed hydrological model such study. Areal means approaches requiring only meteorological data: combination equation (CE) complementary relationship approach—the areal (CRAE)...

Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a globally devastating pest and has evolved with varying levels of resistance to broader spectrum insecticides. CarEs are major enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification metabolic resistance. Four

The impact of global climate change on the temporal and spatial variations precipitation is significant. In this study, daily temperature data from 258 meteorological stations in Haihe River Basin, for period 1960–2020, were used to determine trend significance changes at interannual interseasonal scales. Mann–Kendall test Spearman’s correlation analysis employed, significant trends correlations determined. At more than 90% selected stations, results showed a increase temperature, both...

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) play an increasingly significant role in many critical applications. These valuable applications attract various sophisticated attacks. This paper considers a stealthy estimation attack, which aims to modify the state of CPSs. The intelligent attackers can learn defense strategies and use clandestine attack avoid detection. To address issue, we design Chi-square detector Digital Twin (DT), is online digital model physical system. We Signaling Game with Evidence...

A Robot Operating System (ROS) plays a significant role in organizing industrial robots for manufacturing. With an increasing number of the robots, operators integrate ROS with networked communication to share data. This cyber-physical nature exposes cyber attacks. To this end, paper proposes cross-layer approach achieve secure and resilient control ROS. In physical layer, due delay caused by security mechanism, we design time-delay controller agent. define states use Markov Decision Process...

The quality of experience (QoE) is known to be subjective and context-dependent. Identifying calculating the factors that affect QoE indeed a difficult task. Recently, lot effort has been devoted estimate users' in order improve video delivery. In literature, most QoE-driven optimization schemes realize trade-offs among different metrics have addressed under assumption homogenous populations. Nevertheless, people perceptions on given may not same, which makes hard This paper aims at taking...

Proposed in this study is an approach to estimate regional evapotranspiration from potential evaporation using a distributed hydrologic model. If water freely available the storage tank of interest, taken as Penman's evaporation. Otherwise, reduction actual estimated simplified Philip's soil-moisture relationship with combination physically based (PDTank) The average annual area be 716 mm. Results are also compared by Morton's complementary areal (CRAE) model and Brusaert-Stricker's...

A Markov autocorrelation pulse (MACP) model for two sites daily streamflow generation is proposed in this study. By using two-component pulses with a one-order deterministic part and skewed Weibull random as inputs to the hydrologic system, simplified formulated. Pulses occurring concurrently at neighboring gauges are assumed be crosscorrelated processes. The mean, standard deviation, auto- crosscorrelation of daily, monthly, annual streamflows computed observed generated flow sequences....