Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) of M2 phenotype promote tumor proliferation and are associated with a poor prognosis in patients glioblastoma. We screened the natural compounds possessing an inhibitory effect on polarization human monocyte-derived macrophages. Among 130 purified examined, corosolic acid significantly inhibited expression CD163, one markers macrophages, also suppressed secretion IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokines preferentially produced by thus suggesting that suppresses...

The tomato saponin alpha-tomatine has been proposed to kill sensitive cells by binding cell membranes followed leakage of components. However, details the modes action compound on fungal are poorly understood. In present study, mechanisms involved in alpha-tomatine-induced death fungi were examined using a filamentous pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. alpha-Tomatine-induced F. oxysporum (TICDF) occurred only under aerobic conditions and was blocked mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATPase inhibitor...

Notoamides O−R were isolated from a marine-derived Aspergillus sp. Notoamide O possesses novel hemiacetal/hemiaminal ether functionality hitherto unknown among this family of prenylated indole alkaloids. The structure represents an unusual branch point for the oxidative modification other members in alkaloids biogenetic pathway.

Onionin A (1), a new, stable, sulfur-containing compound, was isolated from acetone extracts of bulbs onion (Allium cepa), and its structure characterized as 3,4-dimethyl-5-(1E-propenyl)-tetrahydrothiophen-2-sulfoxide-S-oxide, on the basis results spectroscopic analysis. This compound showed potential to suppress tumor-cell proliferation by inhibiting polarization M2 alternatively activated macrophages.

Propolis, a resinous substance produced by bees, is used as folk medicine for treatment of periodontal diseases. However, its mode the action and compounds responsible activities remain obscure. In present study, we comprehensively investigated antibacterial ethanol-extracted propolis (EEP) EEP-derived toward Porphyromonas gingivalis, keystone pathogen Broth microdilution agar dilution assays were to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations EEP against range oral bacterial species, which...

Since some Solanum-genus plants have traditionally been used for anti-cancer and anti-herpes agents from olden times, we examined simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of typical steroidal glycosides with the frameworks spirostane (including nuatigenin glycoside), furostane, solasodane, tomatidane ergostane dimer) obtained Solanum plants. Among these glycosides, spirostanol were most effective. An inclination was observed potency to decrease in order spirostane, tomatidane, ergostane, type,...

A new phenyldihydronaphthalene-type lignan, vitedoin (1), a phenylnaphthalene-type lignan alkaloid, vitedoamine (2), and trinorlabdane-type diterpene, B (3), were isolated from the seeds of Vitex negundo along with five known derivatives (4-8). Their chemical structures determined mainly on basis NMR MS data. Compounds 1, 2, 4-7 showed stronger antioxidative activity than alpha-tocopherol using ferric thiocyanate method. higher radical-scavenging effect stable free radical,...

The anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity of 15 oleanan-type triterpenoides including glycyrrhizin and its sapogenol was examined their structure–activity relationships were discussed. Although which exhibited in vivo efficacy against HSV-1 replication showed moderate vitro anti-HSV-1 activity, sapogenol, glycyrrhetic acid, 10 times greater action than glycyrrhizin. Therefore, the administered orally could be reasonably attributed to acid generated by hydrolysis intestinal...

Because advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitors such as pyridoxamine significantly inhibit the development of retinopathy and neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, treatment with AGE is believed to be a potential strategy for prevention lifestyle-related diseases complications. A crude extract Astragali Radix (AR; roots Astragalus membranaceus) inhibits formation Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) pentosidine during incubation bovine serum albumin ribose. In present study,...

It was previously revealed that esculeoside A, a new glycoalkaloid, and esculeogenin aglycon of contained in ripe tomato ameliorate atherosclerosis apoE-deficent mice. This study examined whether tomatidine, the aglycone tomatine, which is major also shows similar inhibitory effects on cholesterol ester (CE) accumulation human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) atherogenesis apoE-deficient Tomatidine significantly inhibited CE induced by acetylated LDL HMDM dose-dependent manner. formation...

Because foam cell formation in macrophages is believed to play an essential role the progression of early atherosclerotic lesions vivo, prevention considered be one major targets for treatment atherosclerosis. The present study examined inhibitory effect 50 crude plant extracts on formation. Among those extracts, Zizyphi Fructus (ZF) and Semen (ZS) significantly inhibited induced by acetylated LDL. Furthermore, triterpenoids such as oleanonic acid, pomolic pomonic acid were active compounds,...

Background and Objective Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis, which also may be implicated with systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Secreted cysteine proteases, gingipains Rgp Kgp, are essential for P. virulence. Some polyphenols flavonoids known to inhibit gingipain activity interfere biofilm formation by . Many bioactive compounds have been isolated from Epimedium species, but availability these on still unclear. Therefore, the aim this...

Scope Recent studies demonstrated that myeloid cells are associated with systemic immunosuppression in tumor‐bearing hosts. In particular, positive for G r‐1 and CD 11b mice called myeloid‐derived suppressor ( MDSC ) because of their suppression T ‐cell activation. this study, we investigated the antitumor effects corosolic acid CA murine sarcoma model. Methods results The from vivo study showed administration did not suppress tumor proliferation index, but significantly impaired...

Since some Solanum-genera plants have traditionally been used as anti-cancer and anti-herpes agents from olden times, we examined the cytotoxic activity of typical steroidal glycosides with framework spirostane, furostane, spirosolane, pregnane obtained Solanum plants. Among these glycosides, spirostanol having a beta-lycotetraosyl moiety were most effective against PC-12 HCT-116 cell lines. The potency was observed to be decreased in order type steroid glycosides. It also suggested that...

Six new triterpenoid glycosides called julibrosides A1-A4, B1 and C1 were isolated from Albizziae Cortex, the dried stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin DURAZZ. Their structures determined based on spectral chemical evidence. Julibrosides had sapogenols, designated julibrogenin B C, respectively, while A3 included N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as a sugar component.

We recently identified esculeoside A, a new spirosolane-type glycoside, with content in tomatoes that is 4-fold higher than of lycopene. In the present study, we examined effects A and esculeogenin aglycon on foam cell formation vitro atherogenesis apoE-deficient mice.Esculeogenin significantly inhibited accumulation cholesterol ester (CE) induced by acetylated low density lipoprotein (acetyl-LDL) human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) dose-dependent manner without inhibiting triglyceride...

Two new steroid glycosides, named trikamsterosides A and B, a sesquiterpenoid glycoside trikamsesuquiside were isolated from the underground parts of Trillium kamtschaticum PALL. along with 18 known compounds comprising 12 steroids, one glycoside, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid three phenylpropanoid sucrose esters. Their chemical structures determined on basis spectroscopic data evidence. Among them, ester showed almost same radical-scavenging effect 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl as that α-tocopherol.

The n-butanol extract of shallot basal plates and roots showed antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. purified compounds from the were examined for to determine predominant in extract. Two major determined be alliospiroside A (ALA) B. ALA had prominent a wide range products acid hydrolysis reduced activity, suggesting that compound's sugar chain is essential its activity. Fungal cells treated with rapid production reactive oxygen species. fungicidal action was partially...

Abstract It is well known that tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumour development by modulating the microenvironment, and targeting of protumour activation or M2 polarization TAMs expected to be effective therapy for cancer patients. We previously demonstrated onionin A (ONA), a natural low molecular weight compound isolated from onions, has inhibitory effect on macrophage polarization. In present study, we investigated whether ONA had therapeutic anti-ovarian...

During the course of a study leguminous plants, cytotoxicity was demonstrated by crude saponin fraction Albizia julibrissin. Following chromatographic purification, structures three novel saponins, julibrosides I-III (1-3), inclusive cytotoxic principle, were elucidated. A comparison (1-3) and their prosapogenins (4-15) prepared alkaline hydrolysis clearly indicated that both an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-...