Summary Embolism spreading in angiosperm xylem occurs via mesoporous pit membranes between vessels. Here, we investigate how the size of pore constrictions is related to membrane thickness and embolism resistance. Pit were modelled as multiple layers number intervessel pits per vessel determine constriction sizes, probability encountering large pores, These estimations complemented by measurements thickness, resistance, stem ( n = 31, 31 20 species, respectively). The sizes decreased with...

Urban vegetation (UV) and its carbon storage capacity are critical for terrestrial cycling global sustainable development goals (SDGs). With complex spatial distribution, composition ecological functions, UV is essential climate change. Therefore, improving modeling a research hotspot that deserves extensive investigation. However, the uniqueness of lead to great challenges in modeling, including (1) limitations data algorithms due sensitive urban environments; (2) severe scarcity in-city...

Fine classification of wetland vegetation communities using machine learning algorithm and high spatial resolution images have attracted increased attention. However, there exist several challenges in image fusion, data dimension reduction tuning. To resolve these issues, this paper attempts to fuse Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with spaceborne Jilin-1 (JL101K) multispectral for classifying karst the optimized Random Forest (RF), Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) Light Gradient Boosting...

Abiotic stresses could have complex and diverse effects on the growth development of forest trees. In this review, we summarized responses morphological, physiological anatomical traits in woody plants to abiotic stresses, including drought, flood, extreme temperature, salinity, heavy metal, microplastics combined especially from xylem perspective. Under most stress, hydraulic conductivity decreases, which is associated with leaf stomatal regulation inhibition aquaporin (AQP) activity....

Pit membranes between xylem vessels play a major role in angiosperm water transport. Yet, their three-dimensional (3D) structure as fibrous porous media remains unknown, largely due to technical challenges and sample preparation artefacts. Here, we applied modelling approach based on thickness measurements of fresh fully shrunken pit seven species. Pore constrictions were also investigated visually by perfusing material with colloidal gold particles known sizes. Based shrinkage model, showed...

According to the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis, leaves are more vulnerable decline of conductivity than branches, but whether stem xylem is embolism resistant remains unclear. Drought-induced resistance leaf was investigated based on X-ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) for Betula pendula, Laurus nobilis, and Liriodendron tulipifera, excluding outside-xylem, compared with curves branch xylem. Moreover, bordered pit characters related were both organs. Theoretical P50...

To investigate the association between particulate matter and incidence, disability, mortality of stroke, we reported burden stroke attributable to (PM

Polyploidization is hypothesized to improve the freezing resistance of plants in cold regions. However, adaptive strategies and key physiological mechanisms involved resistant ability polyploids remain unclear. In Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruits), tetraploids hexaploids occupy higher altitude habitats with colder climates than diploids, providing a study system investigate responsible for differentiation between cytotypes. We characterized environmental conditions their natural distribution...

Abstract Hearing loss is a major public health problem, and its treatment with traditional therapy strategies often unsuccessful due to limited drug access deep in the temporal bone. Multifunctional nanoparticles that are targeted specified cell populations, biodegradable, traceable vivo , equipped controlled drug/gene release may resolve this problem. We developed lipid core nanocapsules (LNCs) sizes below 50 nm. The aim of present study evaluate ability LNCs pass through round window...

Methods to estimate xylem embolism resistance generally rely on hydraulic measurements, which can be far from straightforward. Recently, a pneumatic method based air flow measurements of terminal branch ends was proposed construct vulnerability curves by linking the amount extracted with degree embolism. We applied this novel technique for 10 temperate tree species, including six diffuse, two ring-porous and gymnosperm compared ones obtained either flow-centrifuge or hydraulic-bench...

Vesselless wood represents a rare phenomenon within the angiosperms, characterizing Amborellaceae, Trochodendraceae and Winteraceae. Anatomical observations of bordered pits their pit membranes based on light, scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM TEM) are required to understand functional questions surrounding vesselless angiosperms potential occurrence cryptic vessels. Interconduit in 11 species showed similar ultrastructure as mesophytic vessel-bearing with mean thickness 245 nm...

Abstract Xylem vulnerability to embolism represents an important trait determine species distribution patterns and drought resistance. However, estimating resistance frequently requires time‐consuming ambiguous hydraulic lab measurements. Based on a recently developed pneumatic method, we present test the “Pneumatron”, device that generates high time‐resolution fully automated curves. Embolism is estimated by applying partial vacuum extract air from excised xylem sample, while monitoring...

Oysters are ecosystem engineers that form biogenic reef habitats in shallow coastal and estuarine waters provide important services. Widespread global declines have triggered a world-wide restoration movement, however paucity of information on tropical oyster reefs has resulted their exclusion from existing assessments and, consequently, restoration. In this review we quantified the known diversity native reef-building oysters to compare between temperate regions assessed historic presence...

Fluid transport across intervessel pit membranes of angiosperm xylem plays a major role in plant transpiration, with resistance largely depending on pore constriction sizes. Traditionally, fluid particles traversing are assumed to cross single instead multiple constrictions. We tested multi-layered membrane model eight species by estimating the size frequency constrictions relation thickness and compared modelled data perfusion characteristics nanoscale gold based transmission electron...

Abstract Aims Since plants are compartmentalised organisms, failure of their hydraulic transport system could differ between organs. We test here whether xylem tissue stems and roots in drought-induced embolism resistance, intact equally resistant to than root segments. Methods Embolism resistance stem was measured based on the pneumatic technique for Acer campestre , A. pseudoplatanus Corylus avellana comparing also segments C. . Moreover, we compared anatomical features such as...

There is growing evidence of the frequent detection tire rubber-derived contaminants

The increasing warming and humidification have caused the dramatic degradation of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost. active layer thickness (ALT) is particularly crucial to be monitored with a wide range as an indispensable variable characterize permafrost status. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology has recently been widely used for ALT retrieval. However, these studies are mostly limited by accuracy one-dimensional deformation measurements ignore presence unfrozen...

Combining machine learning algorithms with multi-temporal remote sensing data for fine classification of wetland vegetation has received wide attention from researchers. However, different physiological characteristics and phenological information in growth periods, so it is worth exploring how to use period achieve communities. To resolve these issues, we developed an ensemble model by stacking Random Forest (RF), CatBoost, XGBoost karst community mapping evaluated its performance using...

The specific mechanisms underlying membrane lipid remodeling and changes in gene expression induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) low-temperature-stressed plants are still unclear. In this study, physiological, transcriptomic, lipidomic analyses were used to elucidate the physiological which AMF can enhance adaptation of maize low-temperature stress. results showed that relative electrical conductivity malondialdehyde content leaves decreased after inoculation with AMF, indicating...

Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan (SFF) is a highly sulfated heteropolysaccharide with various biological activities. As one of the causative factors type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance has become global health issue. In this study, we investigated potential pharmacological mechanisms by which SFF ameliorates in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. significantly enhanced tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, conjugated bile acid) levels and inhibited farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling...