The prevalence of enteric viruses in wastewater, the efficacy wastewater treatments eliminating such viruses, and potential health risks from their release into environment or by recycling treated wastewaters, are very important issues environmental microbiology. In this study we performed a quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis on samples influents effluents 5 treatment plants around Rome. Three epidemiologically important, waterborne were analyzed:...

Two unconnected cases of type E botulism involving a 19-year-old woman and 9-year-old child are described. The hospital courses their illness were similar included initial acute abdominal pain accompanied by progressive neurological impairment. Both patients suspected having appendicitis underwent laparotomy, during which voluminous Meckel's diverticula resected. Unusual neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum strains that produced botulinum-like toxin isolated from the feces patients. These...

ABSTRACT Human hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. In Italy, the true burden of HEV infection unknown. Molecular screening raw sewage samples from 11 wastewater treatment plants yielded 19 positives (16%; 18 genotype I, 1 III) evenly distributed throughout Italy. Evidence that could be establishing itself our region accumulating and may justify more active surveillance to monitor its spread.

Noroviruses have received increased attention in recent years because their role as etiologic agents acute gastroenteritis outbreaks is now clearly established. Our inability to grow them cell culture and the lack of an animal model hinder characterization these viruses. More recently, molecular approaches been used study genetic relationships that exist among them. In present study, environmental samples from seawater, estuarine water, effluents sewage treatment plants were analyzed order...

Mechanisms of tetracycline resistance were investigated in two recent Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food, with L. innocua 52P tet(r) as a control. Tetracycline was transferred conjugatively all three strains to ivanovii and one isolate the control Enterococcus faecalis. Molecular analysis demonstrated chromosomal location for tet determinant, which identified tetM cases. These studies are first show that food could be source genes able spread other micro-organisms.

A rare strain of Clostridium botulinum subtype Ab was isolated from a canned macrobiotic food suspected being linked to fatal case food-borne botulism. The recovered and identified by conventional methods modified the inclusion PCR assay (G. Franciosa, J.L. Ferreira, C.L. Hatheway, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:1911-1917, 1994). titers neurotoxins produced were evaluated mouse bioassay.

We describe a case of listeriosis in Italy associated with the consumption cheese. Opened samples two brands gorgonzola (Italian blue-veined cheese; referred to as "B" and "C") were collected from patient's refrigerator. Unopened brand suspected be source infection (brand B) taken store where cheese had been purchased, other local stores, production plant. Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2b was isolated patient opened unopened samples. The contamination level varied <100 1,200 cfu g–1....

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens associated with a variety of clinical manifestations. Although most infections self-limiting, HAdVs can cause severe or lethal in immunocompromised as well healthy individuals. Several have recently been characterized emerging pathogens. In Italy, epidemiological, and especially molecular information on this pathogen is scarce. This study describes the characterization by cell culture, PCR phylogenetic analysis HAdV strains originating from...

In 2020, a deadly pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus spread worldwide and killed many people. some viral infections, in addition to pathogenic role of virus, impaired immune function leads inflammation further damage internal tissues. For example, coronavirus patients prevents stimulation acquired system. Therefore, innate immunity is over-stimulated compensate, followed overproduction inflammatory cytokines cytokine storm. Various underlying factors such as age, gender, blood pressure,...

Abstract Malaria is still a devastating disease with 228 million cases globally and 405,000 lethal outcomes in 2018, mainly children under five years of age. The threat emerging malaria strains resistant to currently available drugs has made the search for novel drug targets compelling. process by which Plasmodium falciparum parasites invade host cell been widely studied, but only few erythrocyte proteins involved this have identified so far. protein Rac1 GTPase that plays an important role...

Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is a recently developed technique for rapid screening of nucleotide polymorphisms in PCR products. We used this the identification type A, B, E, and F botulinum neurotoxin genes. products amplified from conserved region toxin genes Clostridium botulinum, neurotoxigenic C. butyricum baratii strains were subjected to both DHPLC analysis sequencing. Unique peak profiles obtained with each different gene fragment, consistent differences...

Several micro-organisms capable of producing botulinum neurotoxin type E, though phenotypically similar to Clostridium butyricum (a normally non-neurotoxigenic organism), have recently been isolated in Italy and China. Some these had implicated food-borne botulism, a serious neuroparalytic disease. The taxonomic identity the E toxin-producing strains is confirmed here, through sequencing genus- species-specific segment 16S rRNA gene. Confirmation leads conclusion that neurotoxigenic C. must...

The presence of antibiotic resistance marker genes in genetically engineered plants is one the most controversial issues related to Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)-containing food, raising concern about possibility that these markers could increase pool genes. This study investigates vitro survival bla and cryIA(b) maize Bt176 human gastric juice samples. Five samples were collected from patients affected by gastro-esophageal reflux or celiac disease three additional obtained pH...