Microfluidic systems are rapidly becoming commonplace tools for high-precision materials synthesis, biochemical sample preparation, and biophysical analysis. Typically, microfluidic constructed in monolithic form by means of microfabrication and, increasingly, additive techniques. These methods restrict the design assembly truly complex placing unnecessary emphasis on complete functional integration operational elements a planar environment. Here, we present solution based discrete that...

While vat photopolymerization has many advantages over soft lithography in fabricating microfluidic devices, including efficiency and shape complexity, it difficulty achieving well-controlled micrometer-sized (smaller than 100 μm) channels the layer building direction. The considerable light penetration depth of transparent resin leads to over-curing that inevitably cures residual inside flow channels, causing clogs. In this paper, a 3D printing process - in-situ transfer is reported solve...

Although membrane channel proteins are important to drug discovery and hold great promise as engineered nanopore sensing elements, their widespread application these areas has been limited by difficulties in fabricating planar lipid-bilayer membranes. We present a method for forming sub-5-nm-thick free-standing structures based on self-assembly process driven solvent extraction microfluidic channel. This facile automatable forms high-quality membranes able host measurable at single-molecule...

Oxidation of unsaturated lipids in cellular membranes has been shown to cause severe membrane damage and potentially cell death. The presence oxidized lipid species the is known changes properties, such as decreased fluidity. This study uses giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) measure passive transport across containing defined concentrations species. GUVs consisting a saturated phospholipid, an cholesterol were used model membranes. By replacing amounts with corresponding product, oxidation...

Droplet-based microfluidic platforms have the potential to provide superior control over mixing as compared traditional batch reactions. Ionic liquids advantageous properties for metal nanoparticle synthesis a result of their low interfacial tension and complexing ability; however, droplet formation ionic within channels in two-phase system has not yet been attained because complex high viscosities. Here, breakup an imidazolium-based liquid into droplets simple first time achieved...

We have developed a microfluidic technology for the fabrication of compositionally asymmetric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The are assembled in two independent steps. In each step, lipid monolayer is formed at water-oil interface. first inside device with multiphase droplet flow configuration consisting continuous oil stream which water droplets formed. These dispensed into vessel containing layer over water. second by transferring through this oil-water interface centrifugation. By...

Transition metal carbides (TMCs) have demonstrated outstanding potential for utilization in a wide range of catalytic applications because their inherent multifunctionality and tunable composition. However, the harsh conditions required to prepare these materials limited scope synthetic control over physical properties. The development low-temperature, carburization-free routes TMCs would unlock versatility this class materials, enhance our understanding properties, enable cost-effective...

Synthetic lipid bilayers in a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) format were used to study potentially harmful interactions between nanoparticles and biomembranes. Confocal fluorescence microscopy shows that 20 nm polystyrene with cationic surfaces adhere strongly these bilayer membranes. This adhesion is sensitive the ionic strength of surrounding medium independent composition membrane, indicating it driven by nonspecific electrostatic interactions. Nanoparticles bound GUV membrane form...

Abstract The translation of batch chemistries onto continuous flow platforms requires addressing the issues consistent fluidic behaviour, channel fouling and high-throughput processing. Droplet microfluidic technologies reduce provide an improved level control over heat mass transfer to reaction kinetics. However, in conventional geometries, droplet size is sensitive changes rates. Here we report a three-dimensional generating device that exhibits invariant behaviour robust fluctuations...

The decomposition of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by sonication was investigated at two frequencies (20 and 500 kHz) concentrations 60 μM) to gain insight into the kinetics mechanisms occurring different frequencies. Results suggest presence parallel pyrolysis OH• reaction pathways that are altered both as a function frequency PCP concentration. In addition, ozone added system compared experiments ozonation separately explore mechanism sonolytic ozonation. addition during did not affect...

To explore mechanisms of nanoparticle interactions with and trafficking across lung alveolar epithelium, we utilized primary rat epithelial cell monolayers (RAECMs) an artificial lipid bilayer on filter model (ALBF). Trafficking rates fluorescently labeled polystyrene nanoparticles (PNPs; 20 100 nm, carboxylate (negatively charged) or amidine (positively charged)-modified) in the apical-to-basolateral direction under various experimental conditions were measured. Using confocal laser...

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been widely utilized as versatile solvents for metal nanoparticle synthesis; however, reactions to synthesize silver nanoparticles that are performed identically in different commercially obtained lots of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4) give divergent results. This suggests impurities these nominally identical play an important role the resulting quality. To test effect on quality synthesized BMIM-BF4, were carefully prepared and...

The hydrogenation of CO

The efficient upstream processing of complex biological or environmental samples for subsequent biochemical analysis remains a challenge in many analytical systems. New microfluidic platforms that provide multidiagnostic capabilities on single chips face similar getting specific analytes purified contaminants removed different fluid streams. Here, stimuli-responsive polymers have been used to construct "smart" beads can be reversibly immobilized channel walls capture and release targets....

We have encapsulated free-standing planar lipid membranes in a polymer hydrogel via situ photopolymerization. These were measured to last at least 5 days and provided stable environment for single-molecule measurements of incorporated alpha-hemolysin channel proteins. The translocation single-stranded DNA through into these is slowed over 100 times relative that the gel-free state. stabilized membranes, therefore, application analysis as well broader biomolecular sensors, membrane protein...

Cholesterol (CHOL) molecules play a key role in modulating the rigidity of cell membranes and controlling intracellular transport signal transduction. Using an all-atom molecular dynamics approach, we study process CHOL interleaflet (flip-flop) dipalmitoylphosphatidycholine (DPPC)-CHOL bilayer over time period 15 μs. We investigate effect flip-flop on mechanical stress across inducing order leaflets. The simulations are carried out at physiologically relevant concentration (30%), temperature...

A microfluidic device was used in tandem with an imidazolium-based ionic liquid to fabricate monodisperse gold nanoparticles (4.38 ± 0.53 nm) excellent control over size and morphology.

We present a novel chemically cross-linked dextran–poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel substrate for the preparation of dense vesicle suspensions under physiological ionic strength conditions.

The translation of batch chemistries to high-throughput flow methods addresses scaling concerns associated with the implementation colloidal nanoparticle (NP) catalysts for industrial processes. A literature procedure synthesis Ni-NPs was adapted a continuous millifluidic (mF) method, achieving yields >60%. Conversely, NPs prepared in (B) reaction under conditions analogous gave only 45% yield. Both mF- and B-Ni-NP were supported on SiO2 compared Ni/SiO2 catalyst by traditional incipient...

We developed a 16-channel millifluidic reactor that uses multiphase gas-liquid flow to continuously produce colloidal CsPbBr3 quantum dots with throughtput of ∼1 L h-1. The optical properties the product were monitored, and reaction conditions optimized in real time based on situ photoluminescence characteristics dots.

There is a current need for simple methods immobilizing biomolecules within microfluidic channels. Here, technique reported reversibly immunoassay components in channel zone that can be simply controlled by integrated heating elements. Latex beads were modified with the temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm) and co-modified biotinylated poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG). PNIPAAm undergoes hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic transition when temperature raised above lower critical...