For ideal clinical benefit, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals should receive continuous medication. This is the first nationwide antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence study in Asia, where medication monitoring at national level systemically available. We estimated ART of incident HIV-infected and investigated factors affecting low using health insurance (NHI) claims data from 2007 to 2016. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was used measure risk were identified by...

We conducted this study to address the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia similar psychosis in South Korea with Health Insurance Review Assessment (HIRA) database.We used HIRA database, which includes diagnostic information nearly all Korean nationals collect number cases diagnosis schizophrenia-similar disorders (SSP), including schizophreniform, acute/transient psychotic disorders, schizoaffective other/unspecific nonorganic (ICD-10 codes F20/23/25/28/29) between 2010 2015. The...

Abstract Background Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a pivotal procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of variety pancreatobiliary diseases, it has been known that risk procedure‐related adverse events (AEs) significant. Objective We conducted this nationwide cohort study since there have few reports on real‐world data regarding ERCP‐related AEs. Methods Patients who underwent ERCP were identified between 2012 2015 using Health Insurance Review Assessment...

Objective We assessed gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and cardiovascular (CV) risks such as myocardial infarction or stroke associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use among elderly patients diabetes. Methods Using a nationwide claims database covering 2008–2012, we conducted cohort study of diabetes aged ≥65 years. Among the 117 610 patients, NSAID users non-users were propensity score matched, excluding any who had experienced potentially confounding event in year...

Statistical data of undiagnosed people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are great importance to (HIV) infection control. This study estimated the total number PLHIV using nationwide claims data.This used incident HIV cases identified by National Health Insurance System between 2009 and 2015. The patients acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was diagnoses or prescription records. time diagnosis were calculated from numbers AIDS Modeling Tool European Center for Disease...

The present study was conducted in order to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and osteoporosis prevalence Korea assess whether different associations are found single-person households.A cross-sectional population-based using National Health Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2008 2011. subjects were people aged ≥ 50 years with as defined by bone mineral density. Multivariate logistic models used estimate odds ratios (pORs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Gender...

This study aimed to evaluate the differences of prescribing pattern between bisphosphonate and raloxifene users among Korean women with osteoporosis, focusing on underlying conditions, concurrent medications, nature healthcare utilization, regional disparity. We used Health Insurance Review Assessment Service National Patients Sample database year 2010. Study subjects were defined as female osteoporosis patients aged over 50 years both diagnosis prescriptions or raloxifene. The frequency...

Signal Detection of Adverse Drug Reaction Amoxicillin Using the Korea Event Reporting System DatabaseWe conducted pharmacovigilance data mining for a β-lactam antibiotics, amoxicillin, and compare adverse events (AEs) with drug labels 9 countries including Korea, USA, UK, Japan, Germany, Swiss, Italy, France, Laos.We used (KAERS) database, nationwide database AE reports, between December 1988 June 2014.Frequentist Bayesian methods were to calculate disproportionality distribution drug-AE...

Pharmacotherapy is considered as an essential element in the treatment of psychotic disorders including schizophrenia. Discontinuation antipsychotic drugs increases medical use and economic burden. Therefore, maintenance medication to reduce social burden caused by schizophrenia similar psychosis (SSP), hence, it important investigate rate at which pharmacotherapy maintained. this study aimed examine current status drug compliance using national health insurance data.This was a retrospective...

Biliary tract infections (BTIs) are a major cause of bacteremia. The prevalence antibiotic-resistant pathogens in BTI patients is reported to be increasing. We used nationwide database evaluate the of, and risk factors for, BTIs caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms (ESBL-PO) Korea.Patients with diagnosis, an admission history, history BTI-related procedure, antibiotic use for ≥ 4 days between 2007 2016 were identified from Health Insurance Review Assessment Service...

Purpose: To detect signals of adverse drug events after imipenem treatment using the Korea Institute Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea event reporting system database (KIDS-KD). Materials and Methods:We performed data mining KIDS-KD, which was constructed spontaneously reported (AE) reports between December 1988 June 2014.We detected calculated proportional ratio, odds information component imipenem.We defined a signal as any AE that satisfied all three indices.The were compared with...

Condomless sex is not totally discouraged after achieving undetectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load, but the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in group unknown. This study was retrospective nature, using claims database National Health Insurance system from 2008 to 2016. The clinical characteristics people living with HIV or without syphilis coinfection were analyzed. People and divided into two groups according antiretroviral therapy adherence, as optimal...

배경 및 목적: 이 연구는 학령 전기 아동의 자발화에서 나타나는 용언의 어휘 빈도 양상을 고찰하여 언어 평가 중재의 기초 자료로 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법: 나사렛 말뭉치의 2, 3, 4, 5세 아동 각각 20명씩 총 80명에서 300-400발화씩을 선정하여, 27,485 발화, 65,783어절에 대해 유형 수와 사용 빈도를 계량화하고 동사와 형용사의 고빈도 어휘를 제시하였다. ê²°ê³¼: (1) 전체 품사별 빈도에서 비중은 17.4%와 20.1%였다. (2) 연령에 따른 발달은 모두에서 2세와 3세 이상 집단에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. (3) 목록에서 누적 상위 50%에 속한 동사는 11개, 형용사는 모두 6개였다. 논의 결론: 2-5세 시기의 아동에게서 관찰되는 수 빈도의 구성 비율은 동일하였고 증가는 2-3세 시기에 두드러지게 나타나, 시기가 발달에서 발달이 뚜렷하게 이루어지는 시기임을 알 또한 어휘의 분석 결과 아동이 소수의 용언을 반복적으로 사용하는 것으로...

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain a reliable minimum sample size for the mean length utterances (MLU) analysis. Methods: participants were 30 typically developing children ages between 2-4 years. Conversations with their caregivers at homes recorded and transcribed by trained transcribers. Four sets speech samples different length, 50-100-150-200 utterances, selected successively from original transcriptions. same procedure was repeated 3 days later total 240 prepared....

Biliary complications including biliary strictures and bile leaks are the most common that occur after liver transplantation (LT). Endoscopic treatment with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) is considered first-line treatment, percutaneous transhepatic (PTC) can serve as an alternative or rescue therapy. However, nationwide clinical data on frequency of ERC PTC following LT have not yet been investigated.Using claims database, we investigated patients who underwent between 2012...

Small cortical strokes can produce predominant isolated weakness in a particular group of fingers: radial or ulnar.The traditional views are point-to-point representations each finger to neurons located the precentral gyrus motor cortex such that fingers laterally and those ulnar medially.We present case middle, ring, little due small infarction medial gyrus.

Korean alveolar fricatives are late-developing speech sounds. Most previous research on phonemes used individual words or pseudo to produce sounds, but word-level phonological analysis does not always reflect a child's practical articulation ability. Also, there has been limited development looking at production by grammatical morphemes despite its importance in language. Therefore, this examines the and patterns of /s/ phoneme terms morphological types produced children's spontaneous...

배경 및 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 학령 전기 일반 아동의 자발화에 나타난 체언의 유형 수와 빈도 수를 살펴보고 품사별로 고빈도 어휘 목록을 제시하는 것이다. 방법: 나사렛 말뭉치 2, 3, 4, 5세 아동 각각 20명씩 총 80명의 발화에서 아동별로 300-400 발화를 선정하여 65,783 어절에 대해 사용 빈도를 계량화하고 어휘를 제시하였다. ê²°ê³¼: 유형수 2,050개로 전체 품사의 수 중 43.8%, 빈도는 26,932회로 25.6%를 차지하였다. 체언 내 품사별 비율은 '보통명사>고유명사>의존명사>대명사>수사'의 순서이고 '보통명사>대명사>의존명사>고유명사>수사로 나타났다. 연령에 따른 발달에서 2세는 보통 명사, 의존 대명사, 수사의 빈도에서 다른 연령 집단과 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 명사 60개가 누적 50.5%, 10개가 92.0%, 대명사 91.6%, 17개의 수사가 90.4%를 논의 결론: 빈도의 증가에서 2-3세가 중요한 시기였고 분석 결과 시기의...

The membrane permeability transition of mitochondria has been suggested to be involved in toxic and oxidative forms cell injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered play a critical role neurodegeneration Parkinson's disease. Despite the suggestion that indole beta-carbolines may neurotoxic, these compounds provide protective effect against cytotoxicity other neurotoxins. In addition, on change mitochondrial due reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which lead death, not...