A5082988047- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation
2014-2025
Imperial College London
2016-2025
Stellenbosch University
2014-2025
University College London
2014-2024
University of the Witwatersrand
2024
Johns Hopkins University
2024
Perinatal HIV Research Unit
2024
University of Liverpool
2024
Western Cape Department of Health
2020-2023
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
2014-2022
Tuberculosis in children is increasingly recognised as an important component of the global tuberculosis burden, with estimated 1 million cases 2015. Although younger are vulnerable to severe forms disease, no age-disaggregated estimates paediatric mortality exist, and has never been included official under-5 child mortality. We aimed produce a burden estimate using complementary approach not dependent on vital registration data.In this mathematical modelling study, we deaths than 5 years...
BackgroundConfirmation of a diagnosis tuberculosis in children (aged <15 years) is challenging; under-reporting can result even when do present to health services. Direct incidence estimates are unavailable, and WHO build on paediatric notifications, with adjustment for incomplete surveillance by the same factor as adult notifications. We aimed estimate infection disease children, prevalence infection, household exposure 22 countries high burden disease.MethodsWithin mechanistic mathematical...
Two thirds of children with tuberculosis have nonsevere disease, which may be treatable a shorter regimen than the current 6-month regimen.We conducted an open-label, treatment-shortening, noninferiority trial involving nonsevere, symptomatic, presumably drug-susceptible, smear-negative in Uganda, Zambia, South Africa, and India. Children younger 16 years age were randomly assigned to 4 months (16 weeks) or 6 (24 standard first-line antituberculosis treatment pediatric fixed-dose...
Vitamin D metabolites support innate immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Data from phase 3, randomized, controlled trials of vitamin supplementation prevent tuberculosis infection are lacking.We randomly assigned children who had negative results for M. according the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) receive a weekly oral dose either 14,000 IU D3 or placebo 3 years. The primary outcome was positive QFT result at 3-year follow-up, expressed as proportion children. Secondary...
TB affects around 10.6 million people each year and there are now 155 survivors. its treatments can lead to permanently impaired health wellbeing. In 2019, representatives of affected communities attending the '1st International Post-Tuberculosis Symposium´ called for development clinical guidance on these issues. This statement post-TB wellbeing responds this call builds work symposium, which brought together survivors, healthcare professionals researchers. Our document offers expert...
Background. Evidence is limited to guide the management of children exposed multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis. We aimed study tolerability and toxicity a standard preventive therapy regimen given infectious MDR tuberculosis, explore risk factors for poor outcome. Methods. In this prospective cohort in Western Cape, South Africa, <5 years age, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive aged <15 years, were recruited from May 2010 through April 2011 if an ofloxacin-susceptible,...
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) results from dissemination of M. tuberculosis to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and meninges. Ischaemia, hydrocephalus raised intracranial pressure frequently result, leading extensive brain injury neurodisability. The global burden TBM is unclear it likely that many cases are undiagnosed, with treated unreported. Untreated, uniformly fatal, even if treated, mortality morbidity high. Young age human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection potent risk factors for...
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of tuberculosis. The incidence and mortality TBM unknown due to diagnostic challenges limited disaggregated reporting treated by existing surveillance systems. We aimed estimate in adults (15+ years) globally. Using national data from Brazil, South Africa, United Kingdom, States America, Vietnam, we estimated fraction reported tuberculosis that TBM, case fatality ratios for each these countries. adjusted estimates according findings a...
BackgroundLittle is known about post-tuberculosis lung disease in adolescents. We prospectively assessed function adolescents with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis during treatment and after completion.MethodsIn a prospective study, we enrolled diagnosed healthy tuberculosis-exposed household controls, between October 2020 July 2021 Cape Town, South Africa. Spirometry, plethysmography, diffusion capacity tests 6-min walking test (6MWT) were completed according to...