A5066301764- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate variability and models
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Environmental Science and Water Management
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
National University of Ireland, Maynooth
2017-2025
National Oceanography Centre
2010-2018
University of Reading
2017
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2017
University of Southampton
2010-2017
University of Cambridge
2017
University of Oxford
2017
University of Ulster
2002-2015
Belfast City Hospital
2002-2015
Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
2008-2015
Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is responsible for a variable and climatically important northward transport of heat. Using data from an array instruments that span the at 26°N, we show AMOC has been in state reduced overturning since 2008 as compared to 2004–2008. This change concurrent with other changes North such shift broadening Gulf Stream altered patterns heat content sea surface temperature. These resemble response declining predicted by coupled...
Abstract. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable-based measurements the Gulf Stream satellite derived Ekman transport. time series recently extended to October 2012 results show downward trend From 2008 March 2012, was an average 2.7 Sv (1 = 106 m3 s−1) weaker than in first four years observation...
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) plays a critical role in the climate system and is responsible for much of heat transported by ocean. A mooring array, nominally at 26°N between Bahamas Canary Islands, deployed Apr 2004 provides continuous measurements strength variability this circulation. With seven full years measurements, we now examine interannual MOC. While earlier results highlighted substantial seasonal shorter timescale variability, there had not been...
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout South and sinking carbon nutrients into deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes AMOC both herald drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin observational systems have been put in place continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, some cases, heat, freshwater transport. These programs used diagnose magnitude...
The North Atlantic and Europe experienced two extreme climate events in 2015: exceptionally cold ocean surface temperatures a summer heat wave ranked the top ten over past 65 years. Here, we show that were most modern record much of mid-high latitude North-East Atlantic. Further, by considering loss, content wind driven upwelling explain for first time genesis this anomaly. We find it is primarily due to loss atmospheric circulation changes preceding winters combined with re-emergence water...
Abstract Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is the term used to describe pattern of in North sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that characterized by decades basinwide warm or cool anomalies, relative global mean. AMV has been associated with numerous climate impacts many regions world including decadal variations temperature and rainfall patterns, hurricane activity, level changes. Given its importance, understanding physical processes drive extent which evolution predictable a key...
Abstract Northward ocean heat transport at 26°N in the Atlantic Ocean has been measured since 2004. The is large—approximately 1.25 PW, and on interannual time scales it exhibits surprisingly large temporal variability. There a long-term reduction of 0.17 PW from 1.32 before 2009 to 1.15 after (2009–16) an annual average basis associated with 2.5-Sv (1 Sv ≡ 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) drop meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). AMOC cooled freshened upper north over area following offshore edge Gulf...
Abstract. A decline in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength has been observed between 2004 and 2012 by the RAPID-MOCHA-WBTS (RAPID – Meridional Overturning Circulation Heatflux Array Western Boundary Time Series, hereafter RAPID array) with this weakened state of AMOC persisting until 2017. Climate model paleo-oceanographic research suggests that may have declining for decades or even centuries before this; however direct observations are sparse prior to 2004, giving...
Atlantic multidecadal variability is a coherent mode of natural climate occurring in the North Ocean, with strong impacts on human societies and ecosystems worldwide. However, its periodicity drivers are widely debated due to short temporal extent instrumental observations competing effects both internal external factors acting surface temperature variability. Here, we use paleoclimate database an advanced statistical framework generate, evaluate, compare 312 reconstructions over past...
Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a vital role in global climate, redistributing heat, and freshwater. It is predicted to decline due anthropogenic climate change, with major implications for climate. Accurately assessing AMOC strength situ observations has inspired number of dedicated observing systems the since 2000s. However, no consensus been reached on whether slowdown its associated heat freshwater transports occurring. These are too recent detect...
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed at 26.5°N since 2004. During 2009/2010, there was a transient 30% weakening of the AMOC driven by anomalies in geostrophic and Ekman transports. Here, we use simulations based on Met Office Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) to diagnose relative importance atmospheric forcings internal ocean dynamics driving anomalous 2009/2010. Data‐assimilating experiments with FOAM accurately reproduce mean strength depth...
To estimate the size of meridional overturning circulation and heat freshwater transports in South Atlantic, we made a new transatlantic hydrographic section along 24°S 2009 compare resulting with those estimated for historical 1983.For two sections, is to be 21.5 Sv (2009) or 16.5 (1983), transport northward at 0.7 PW 0.4 small but 0.04 0.17 (1983).The differences are primarily due different strengths southward Brazil Current during occupation 4.9 12.3 associated by methods each sections...
Abstract. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation comprises warm upper waters flowing northward, becoming colder and denser until they form deep water in the Labrador Nordic Seas that then returns southward through North South Atlantic. ocean heat transport associated with this is 1.3 PW, accounting for 25% of maximum combined atmosphere–ocean necessary to balance Earth's radiation budget. We have been monitoring at 25° N since 2004. A 30% slowdown 14 months during 2009–2010 reduced...
Abstract. A continuous 305-year (1711–2016) monthly rainfall series (IoI_1711) is created for the Island of Ireland. The post 1850 draws on an existing quality assured network Ireland, while pre-1850 values come from instrumental and documentary compiled, but not published by UK Met Office. evaluated comparison with independent long-term observations reconstructions precipitation, temperature circulation indices across British–Irish Isles. Strong decadal consistency IoI_1711 other evident...
Key Points The AMOC is a system of ocean currents that move heat and carbon around the planet predicted to decline in future has been directly measured since 2000s, but we now have observation systems place can verify We look at how these might develop consider they fit an optimized Atlantic observing
Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system, including in atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere, many observed unprecedented instrumental records. As directly affect air quality of surrounding continents, it is important to fully understand how why taking place, not least predict region will change future. To this end, article characterizes recent region, especially period 2005–2016, different aspects system including: atmospheric circulation; composition; clouds...
Abstract Seasonal to decadal variations in Northern Hemisphere jet stream latitude and speed over land (Eurasia, North America) oceanic (North Atlantic, Pacific) regions are presented for the period 1871–2011 from Twentieth Century Reanalysis dataset. Significant regional differences seen on seasonal timescales. Seasonally, range is lower oceans compared land, reduced 20° Eurasia 10° Atlantic where ocean meridional heat transport greatest. The mean at a minimum winter (DJF), particularly...
[1] Observations show that the upper 2 km of subtropical North Atlantic Ocean cooled throughout 2010 and remained cold until at least December 2011. We these anomalies are partly driven by anomalous air-sea exchange during winters 2009/2010 2010/2011 and, more surprisingly, extreme interannual variability in ocean's northward heat transport 26.5°N. This cooling meridional affects deeper layers isolated from atmosphere on annual timescales water is entrained into winter mixed layer thus...
Abstract. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26° N since April 2004. AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable based measurements the Gulf Stream satellite derived Ekman transport. time series recently extended to October 2012 results show downward trend From April~2008 March was an average 2.7 Sv weaker than in first four years observation (95% confidence that...