Abstract Background There are many diseases in poultry, of which caused by poor immune function. It is not clear how cytokines and various cell functions change with age modern broilers. The purpose this study was to explore the patterns development immunity broiler chickens cage. Results results showed that there were 3 chickens. first pattern Down-Up. Cytokines some indicators decreased then increased, lowest levels basically occurred from d 6 13. second Up-Down, 30 34, highest...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects higher vitamins supplementation level on performance, immunity, and intestinal microbiota old laying hens. Twelve birds were randomly chosen from 312 healthy, 65-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers for sampling after a 7-wk acclimation period. remaining 300 hens allocated 1 4 dietary treatments 13-wk feeding trial: basal diet (CON), with 2-fold lipid-soluble (LV), water-soluble (WV), or both (BV), respectively. Compared 72-wk-old hens,...

This study was designed to compare the effect of methionine (Met) sources (DL-methionine [DLM] and DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid [HMTBa]) their supplementation levels on broiler growth performance redox state. A 2 × factorial arrangement used with (DLM HMTBa) (0.05% 0.25%) Met. total 480 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 4 treatments 8 replicates per treatment (15 birds replicate). The experiment lasted for 21 d. Broiler performance, capacity, redox-related genes...

Given the key role of methionine in biological processes, adequate should be provided to meet nutritional requirements. DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) has been considered as an important source methionine. However, effects different sources and levels on intestinal health status have not clarified yet. An experiment was carried out investigate dietary epithelial barrier, inflammatory cytokines expression, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, cecal short chain fatty...

The present study investigated the effects of low protein diets with different starch sources and to ratio on growth, digestibility, intestinal health, caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), serum cholesterol triglycerides in broiler chickens. Eight hundred one-day-old male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted one 4 dietary treatments 10 repeats 20 birds each repeat. included 1) a standard corn-SBM based diet (SP), 2) (LPI) without reduced starch: ratio, 3) (LPII) 4) corn-SBM-peas (LPP)...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with nicotinamide (NAM) and sodium butyrate (BA) on meat quality expression muscle development genes in broilers reared at a high stocking density. A total 567, 21-day-old AA were randomly assigned 5 treatment groups 2 control groups, 7 replicates each group. The included low density (LD; 12.9 birds/m2) fed basal diet. kept (HD; 18.6 received either dose NAM (50 mg/kg; LN), (100 HN), BA (500 LB), (1,000 HB), or compound...

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection is not only a leading cause of poor production performance and compromised animal welfare in broilers but also potential threat to public health. Two experiments were conducted evaluate the effects dietary supplemental vitamin C (VC) on SE challenged-broilers. In experiment 1, one hundred eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acre randomly allocated into 3 treatments, with 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg VC included diet. 2, at 0 500 mg/kg, without challenge was applied 2 ×...

Summary An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three levels (0%, 3% and 6%) poultry by‐product meal ( PBM ) with or without protease on broiler growth, carcass characteristics nutrient digestibility from 1 35 days. Two hundred forty birds n = 240) were fed equi‐caloric equi‐nitrogenous ME 2850 kcal/kg; CP 20%) diets throughout experiment. The enzyme supplementation increased feed intake p < .01) body weight gain .01), but feed:gain remained unaffected > .05) 21...

Abstract Background This study was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary level of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation at which broiler chickens have better growth with efficient immune system and anti‐oxidant status. Method One hundred twenty ( n = 120) 1‐day‐old chicks were fed a common commercial diet from days 1 7. On day 7, randomly divided in three treatment groups, that is, Trp 0.2 [national research council (NRC) recommended tryptophan], 0.3 (tryptophan supplemented 0.3%) 0.5...

Abstract Background In recent years, increased attention has been focused on breast muscle yield and meat quality in poultry production. Supplementation with nicotinamide butyrate sodium can improve the of broilers. However, potential molecular mechanism is not clear yet. This study was designed to investigate effects supplementation a combination transcriptome broilers under high stocking density. A total 300 21-d-old Cobb were randomly allocated into 3 groups based density: low density...

The dynamic development of the animal intestine with a concurrent succession microbiota and changes in microbial community metabolite spectrum can exert far-reaching effects on host physiology. However, precise mechanism mutual response between gut is yet to be fully elucidated. Broilers varying developmental degrees intestinal wall thickness were selected, they divided into thick group (H type) thin (B type), using multiomics data integration analysis reveal fundamental regulatory...

This experiment aimed to study the effects of supplemental methionine sources, 2-hydroxy-4 methyl(thio) butanoic acid (HMTBa) and DL-Methionine (DL-Met), on productive performance, egg quality, redox status laying ducks. A total 792 healthy 25-wk-old Longyan ducks with similar body weights were randomly allotted 11 treatment groups. Each group had 6 replicates 12 The trial lasted for 16 wk. Ducks fed a basal deficient diet (Met: 0.24%; Met + Cys: 0.51%) or supplemented DL-Met HMTBa at 0.05%,...

Soya saponin (SS) is a natural active substance of leguminous plant, which could improve lipid metabolism and regulate immune function. Intestinal flora might play key role in the biological functions SS. The objective this study was to measure effects dietary SS on function, metabolism, intestinal laying hens with or without antibiotic treated. experiment designed as factorial arrangement 3 treatments × 2 treatments. Birds were fed basal diet (CON) low-SS (50 SS) containing 50 mg/kg SS,...

This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total 252 broiler at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included basal diet (control), NFD corn starch (CS), 5 with AM/AP 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00, respectively. As ratio increased, IEAA all AAs, digestibility...

Abstract The nitrogen-free diet (NFD) method is widely used to determine the ileal endogenous amino acids (IEAAs) losses in broiler chickens. Starch and dextrose are main components of NFD, but effects their proportion NFD on IEAAs digestive physiology broilers still unclear. This preliminary study aims explore best glucose corn starch simulate normal intestinal broilers, which helps improve accuracy determination. For this purpose, 28-day-old chickens were allocated five treatment groups...

Abstract This study was aimed to explore the comparative acidifying properties of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBA) and a combination DL‐methionine (DLM) acidifier in male broiler production. A total 480 1‐day‐old chicks were randomly divided into four treatments: (low HMTBA, 0.057% HMTBA); B acidifier, 0.05% DLM + acidifier); C (high 0.284% D 0.25% acidifier). At 21 d, growth performance, chyme pH, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora measured. The pH crop,...

This study determined the effects of two methionine (Met) sources at three total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) to lysine ratios (TSAA/Lys) on gut pH, digestive enzyme activity, acid transporter expression, and Met metabolism broilers. The birds were randomly assigned a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with (dl-Met dl-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic (OH-Met)) TSAA/Lys (0.58, 0.73, 0.88) from 1 21 days. results demonstrated that dl-Met OH-Met supported same growth performance, but high ratio reduced...