Previously, a promoter was identified in Lactococcus lactis that is specifically induced by chloride. Here, we describe the nucleotide sequence and functional analysis of two genes transcribed from this promoter, gadC gadB . GadC homologous to putative glutamate‐γ‐aminobutyrate antiporters Escherichia coli Shigella flexneri contains 12 membrane‐spanning domains. GadB shows similarity glutamate decarboxylases. A L mutant strain unable express both more sensitive low pH than wild type when...

Bacteria can encounter a variety of physical conditions during their life. Bacterial cells are able to survive these (often adverse) by the induction specific or general protection mechanisms. The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is widely used for production cheese. Before and this process as well in its natural habitats, it subjected several stressful conditions. Such include oxidation, heating cooling, acid, high osmolarity/dehydration starvation. In many environments combinations...

In an analysis of the stress response Lactococcus lactis, three proteins that were induced under low pH culture conditions detected. One these was identified as lactococcal superoxide dismutase (SodA) by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The gene encoding this protein, designated sodA, cloned complementation a sodA sodB Escherichia coli strain. deduced L. lactis SodA showed highest degree similarity to manganese-containing Sod (MnSod) Bacillus stearothermophilus. A promoter upstream...

Campylobacter is a leading cause of traveler's diarrhea in Thailand. Since resistance to quinolones high among isolates, empiric therapy with for may be ineffective this region. We conducted an observational study 169 U.S. military personnel acute and compared their microbiologic findings those 77 asymptomatic deployed Thailand May 1998. Of 146 pathogenic bacterial the most common were nontyphoidal Salmonella (n = 31), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 24), C. jejuni/coli 23). was strongly...

Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ 892 contains a surface layer (S-layer) composed of protein monomers 43 kDa organized in regular arrays. The gene encoding this ( sIpH ) has been cloned Escherichia coli and sequenced. consists 440 codons is preceded by ribosome-binding site (RBS) followed putative ρ-independent terminator. Indeed, Northern analysis revealed that monocistronic gene. possible promoter which the -35 -10 hexanucleotides are separated 17 nt. By primer extension transcription start...

A chloride-inducible promoter previously isolated from the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis (J. W. Sanders, G. Venema, J. Kok, and K. Leenhouts, Mol. Gen. Genet., in press) was exploited for inducible expression homologous heterologous genes. An cassette consisting positive-regulator gene gadR, Pgad, translation initiation signals gadC amplified by PCR. The cloned upstream Escherichia coli lacZ, holin-lysin (lytPR) lactococcal bacteriophage r1t, autolysin L. lactis, acmA. Basal activity Pgad...

Hospital surveillance was established in the Nile River Delta to increase understanding of epidemiology diarrheal disease among Egyptian children. Between September 2000 and August 2003, samples obtained from children less than 5 years age who had diarrhea were seeking hospital care cultured for enteric bacteria. Colonies each culture with a morphology typical that Escherichia coli tested heat-labile (LT) heat-stable (ST) toxins by GM-1-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay colonization...

ABSTRACT Antibodies against enterocin A were obtained by immunization of rabbits with synthetic peptides PH4 and PH5 designed, respectively, on the N- C-terminal amino acid sequences conjugated to carrier protein KLH. Anti-PH4-KLH antibodies not only recognized but also pediocin PA-1, P, sakacin A, three bacteriocins which share N-terminal class IIa consensus motif (YGNGVXC) that is contained in sequence peptide PH4. In contrast, anti-PH5-KLH reacted because parts are highly variable....

Species belonging to the Zygosaccharomyces bailii sensu lato clade are some of most troublesome spoilage yeasts acidic food products, primarily due their resistance towards synthetic preservatives, like weak organic acids. Therefore alternative, powerful and more natural antifungal agents needed. Herein, prenylated isoflavonoids, present mainly in Leguminosae family, were investigated for properties (including potency mode action) against a Z. isolate, its interspecies hybrid, parabailii....

Spoilage of food products is frequently caused by bacterial spores and lactic acid bacteria. Identification these organisms classic cultivation methods limited their ability to form colonies on nutrient agar plates. In this study, we adapted optimized 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for quantification in a canned matrix monitoring the outgrowth spoilage microbiota ready-to-eat matrix.The detection limit bar-coded was determined number matrix. Analysis samples from spiked with mixture...

Ninety-seven isolates of Shigella flexneri from children seeking medical care three sites in Egypt were characterized. Overall, 46·4% (median age 17 months) febrile or reported blood their stools, 25·8% dehydrated and 16·5% admitted to hospital. Serotypes 2a (37·1%), 1b (18·6%), 1c (17·5%), 6 (15·5%) comprised over 88·7% the total isolates. We observed marked resistance ampicillin (87·6%), tetracycline (84·5%) trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (63·9%). Pulsed-field electrophoresis grouped...

Population heterogeneity complicates the predictability of outgrowth kinetics individual spores. Flow cytometry sorting and monitoring germination single dormant spores allowed quantification acid-induced spore population at pH 5.5 in presence sorbic acid. This showed that efficiency was not a good predictor for final outgrowth.

Within the framework of international programme to sequence genome Bacillus subtilis strain 168, we were allocated region between dnaB (256°) and pheA (240°). The sequencing this is now complete report our primary analysis 114 kb containing ORFs. In addition previously characterized genes, have identified genes involved in utilization plant cell wall polysaccharides, stress responses metabolism amino acids, walls, DNA fatty acids. We also discuss various structural physical features,...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is commonly associated with diarrhea in Egyptian children. Children less than 3 years old Abu Homos, Egypt, had approximately five diarrheal episodes per child every year, and at least one of these was due to ETEC. The epidemiology ETEC among children living a rural community further evaluated this study. Between January 2004 April 2007, 348 neonates were enrolled followed for 2 years. visited twice weekly, stool sample obtained weeks regardless...

A total of 220 enteroadherent Escherichia coli were identified from 729 Egyptian children with diarrhea using the HEp-2 adherence assay. Enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC = 38) was common among <6 months old and provoked vomiting, while diffuse-adhering (DAEC 109) induced diarrheal episodes short duration, enteroaggregative (EAEC 73) mild non-persistent diarrhea. These results suggest that EPEC is associated infantile in children.

Bacteria can encounter a variety of physical conditions during their life. Bacterial cells are able to survive these (often adverse) by the induction specific or general protection mechanisms. The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is widely used for production cheese. Before and this process as well in its natural habitats, it subjected several stressful conditions. Such include oxidation, heating cooling, acid, high osmolarity/dehydration starvation. In many environments combinations...

Prenylated isoflavonoids are phytochemicals with promising antifungal properties. Recently, it was shown that glabridin and wighteone disrupted the plasma membrane (PM) of food spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces parabailii in distinct ways, which led us to investigate further their modes action (MoA). Transcriptomic profiling Z. showed genes encoding transmembrane ATPase transporters, including Yor1, homologous pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily Saccharomyces cerevisiae were...

Populations of microbial cells may resist environmental stress by maintaining a high population-median resistance (IC50) or, potentially, variability in between individual (heteroresistance); where heteroresistance would allow certain to stress, provided the population was sufficiently large include resistant cells. This study sets out test hypothesis that both IC50 and contribute conventional minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations, using example spoilage-yeast preservative...