Insects are considered a nutritionally valuable source of alternative proteins, and their efficient protein extraction is prerequisite for large-scale use. The content usually calculated from total nitrogen using the nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (Kp) 6.25. This overestimates content, due to presence nonprotein in insects. In this paper, specific Kp 4.76 ± 0.09 was larvae Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Hermetia illucens, amino acid analysis. After purification, 5.60 0.39...

Procyanidins (PCs) are highly abundant phenolic compounds in the human diet and might be responsible for health effects of chocolate wine. Due to low absorption intact PCs, microbial metabolism play an important role. So far, only a few studies, with crude extracts rich PCs but also containing multitude other compounds, have been performed reveal PC metabolites. Therefore, origin metabolites remains questionable. This study included vitro fermentation purified dimers microbiota. The main...

Recent advances in chemical and physical techniques have shed considerable light on the molecular architecture of primary cell walls higher plants. According to current models, wall is composed at least two independent polysaccharide networks. The cellulose-xyloglucan network considered be an important load-bearing structure wall. Gaps are filled by a pectic polysaccharides that may control porosity

A quantitative characterization of seeds from 59 pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines and relative taxa with various external characteristics wide geographical origin was performed to explore the genetic variation concerning its starch protein contents globulin composition. Pea lines, which produce round, wrinkled, flat, round-dimpled seeds, have as major reserve, an average content 46%. Protein varied 13.7 30.7% seed dry matter, overall 22.3%. Densitometric quantification individual globulins...

Many flavonoids and isoflavonoids have an undesirable bitter taste, which hampers their use as food bioactives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect a large set structurally similar (iso)flavonoids on activation receptors hTAS2R14 hTAS2R39 predict structural requirements activate these receptors. In total, 68 compounds activated 70 hTAS2R39, among 58 ligands were overlapping. Their threshold values varied over range 3 log units between 0.12 500 μM. Ligand-based 2D-fingerprint...

Laccase-mediator systems (LMS) have been widely studied for their capacity to oxidize the nonphenolic subunits of lignin (70-90% polymer). The phenolic (10-30% polymer), which can also be oxidized without mediators, received considerably less attention. Consequently, it remains unclear what extent presence a mediator influences reactions lignin. To get more insight in this, UHPLC-MS was used study dimer (GBG), initiated by laccase from Trametes versicolor, alone or combination with mediators...

Lytic polysaccharide monooxgygenases (LPMOs) are known to boost the hydrolytic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass, especially cellulose, due their oxidative mechanism. For activity, LPMOs require an electron donor for reducing divalent copper cofactor. LPMO activities mainly investigated with ascorbic acid as a agent, but little is about effect plant-derived agents on activity. Here, we show that three from fungus Myceliophthora thermophila C1, MtLPMO9A, MtLPMO9B and MtLPMO9C, differ in...

Enrichment of flavonoids in food is often limited by their off-tastes, which might be counteracted the use proteins as carriers flavonoids. Various milk proteins, egg and gelatin hydrolysates were compared for binding characteristics to two flavan-3-ols. Among tested affinities toward epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), β-casein hydrolysates, particular fish gelatin, found most promising with an affinity on order 104 M–1. A flexible open structure present random coil was important. The...

Many (dietary) bitter compounds, e.g. flavonoids, activate receptor hTAS2R39 in cell-based assays. Several amongst which some flavanones, are known not to this receptor. As certain flavanones mask taste sensorially, might act as antagonists. Fourteen were investigated for their potential reduce activation of by epicatechin gallate (ECG), one the main compounds occurring green tea. Three showed inhibitory behavior towards ECG: 4′-fluoro-6-methoxyflavanone, 6,3′-dimethoxyflavanone, and...

Many fungi boost the deconstruction of lignocellulosic plant biomass via oxidation using lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). The application LPMOs is expected to contribute ecologically friendly conversion into fuels and chemicals. Moreover, applications LPMO-modified cellulose-based products may be envisaged within food or material industry.Here, we show an up 75-fold improvement in LPMO-driven cellulose degradation polyphenol oxidase-activated lignin building blocks. This...

Old tea leaves (OTL), which are normally discarded as agricultural waste, potential sources of phenolic compounds. However, little details known about their composition. In this study, the profiles OTL and young (YTL) were compared by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) analyses, with an untargeted approach. A total 60 compounds tentatively identified. Principal component analysis illustrated...

Interaction of tea phenolics with gut microbiota may play an integral role in the health benefits these bioactive compounds, yet this interaction is not fully understood. Here, metabolic fate epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its impact on were integrally investigated via vitro fermentation. As revealed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS), EGCG was promptly degraded into a series metabolites, including...

Chymotrypsin is one of the major proteases in intestinal protein digestion. Observations about type bonds that are hydrolysed (specificity and preference) were past derived from peptide composition after digestion or hydrolysis rates synthetic peptides. In this study, path by bovine chymotrypsin, i.e formation degradation peptides, described for α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin β-casein. The compositions, determined with UPLC-PDA-MS at different time points used to determine kinetics...

Amylose synthesis was obtained <i>in vitro</i> from purified <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> starch granules. Labeling experiments clearly indicate that initially the major granule-bound synthase extends glucans available on amylopectin. occurs thereafter at rates approaching or exceeding those of net polysaccharide synthesis. Although these results suggested amylose originates cleavage a pre-existing external amylopectin chain, such transfer chains to directly evidenced pulse-chase...