A5017194331- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- International Maritime Law Issues
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Risk and Safety Analysis
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Marine and fisheries research
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
2016-2025
University of Bergen
2015-2025
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
2019-2023
Max Planck Society
2021
Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
2017
Abstract Deep convection in the subpolar North Atlantic ventilates ocean for atmospheric gases through formation of deep water masses. Variability intensity is believed to have caused large variations anthropogenic carbon storage over past decades, but observations properties during active are missing. Here we document origin, extent and chemical deepest winter mixed layers directly observed Irminger Sea. As a result 2014–2015, driven by oceanic heat loss, mid-depth oxygen concentrations...
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) simultaneously mitigates atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and ocean acidification; however, no previous studies have investigated the response non-linear marine carbonate system sensitivity to alkalinity enhancement on regional scales. We hypothesise that implementations OAE can sequester more than a global implementation. To address this, we investigate physical regimes as drivers carbon-uptake potential different simulations OAE. In this idealised...
Abstract Single‐model initial‐condition large ensembles are powerful tools to quantify the forced response, internal climate variability, and their evolution under global warming. Here, we present CMIP6 version of Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI‐GE CMIP6) with currently 30 realizations for historical period five emission scenarios. The power MPI‐GE goes beyond its predecessor ensemble by providing high‐frequency output, full range scenarios including highly policy‐relevant low...
Abstract. Due to low calcium carbonate saturation states, and winter mixing that brings anthropogenic carbon the deep ocean, Nordic Seas their cold-water corals are vulnerable ocean acidification. Here, we present a detailed investigation of changes in pH aragonite from preindustrial times 2100, by using situ observations, gridded climatological data, projections for three different future scenarios with Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-ME). During period regular biogeochemistry...
Abstract Winter data of surface ocean temperature (SST), salinity (SSS) and CO 2 fugacity ( f ) collected on the VOS M/V Nuka Arctica in subpolar North Atlantic between 2004 2017 are used to establish trends, drivers, interannual variability. Over period, waters cooled freshened, increased at a rate similar atmospheric growth rate. When accounting for freshening, inferred increase dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was found be approximately twice that expected from alone. This is attributed...
ABSTRACT Ensembles of regional climate models are widely used to obtain change signals and evaluate associated uncertainties over a specific region. These forced by general circulation ( GCMs ) at their lateral boundaries. The most recent multi‐model ensembles projects – ENSEMBLES CORDEX rely on limited set about 10 per greenhouse gas emission scenario. It was shown previously that in particular, RCM temperature responses tend cluster according driving GCM . Therefore, it is important better...
Abstract. The physical environment both above and below the ocean surface has changed dramatically during last century. Changes in marine induced by increased release of greenhouse gases direct exploitation resources include temperature, decreased salinity pH, removal apex-predators. risk ecological regime shifts occurring similarly increased. A variety methodologies to predict have already been used North Sea, which become an important case study for analysis a semi-enclosed water body. Sea...
With ongoing climate change, multiple stressors including ocean warming, deoxygenation, acidification and limited nutrient availability will lead to large regime shifts within marine ecosystems[1]. Deep-sea ecosystems are adapted the stable ambient conditions of deep therefore likely highly vulnerable human impacts change. Future projections show considerable deep-water acidification, heat accumulation, moreover, in strong overshoot scenarios, irreversibility is found various properties...
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions cause multiple changes in the ocean and its ecosystems through climate change acidification. These can occur progressively with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, but there is also possibility of large-scale abrupt, and/or potentially irreversible changes, which would leave limited opportunity for marine to adapt. Such either progressive or pose a threat biodiversity, food security, human societies. However, it remains notoriously...
Abstract. Repeated hydrographic sections provide critically needed data on and understanding of changes in basin-wide ocean CO2 chemistry over multi-decadal timescales. Here, high-quality measurements collected at twelve cruises carried out along the same track between 1991 2015 have been used to determine long-term acidification Irminger Iceland basins North Atlantic Ocean. Trends were determined for each main water masses present are discussed context circulation. The pH has decreased all...
Single-model initial-condition large ensembles are powerful tools to quantify the forced response, internal climate variability, and their evolution under global warming. Here, we present CMIP6 version of Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE CMIP6) with 30 realisations for historical period five emission scenarios. The power MPI-GE goes beyond its predecessor ensemble by providing high-frequency output, full range scenarios including highly policy-relevant low SSP1-1.9 SSP1-2.6,...
Abstract. The subpolar region in the North Atlantic is a major sink for anthropogenic carbon. While storage rates show large interannual variability related to atmospheric forcing, less known about natural dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and combined impact of variations two components on total DIC inventories. Here, data from 15 cruises Irminger Sea covering 24-year period between 1991 2015 were used determine changes its components. Based results an extended optimum multiparameter...
Abstract. Abrupt changes in ocean biogeochemical variables occur as a result of human-induced climate forcing well those which are more gradual and over longer timescales. These abrupt have not yet been identified quantified to the same extent ones. We review synthesise biogeochemistry under climatic forcing. specifically address carbon oxygen cycles because related processes acidification deoxygenation provide important ecosystem hazards. Since depend also on physical environment, we...
Abstract To monitor the success of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) or solar radiation management (SRM) that offset anthropogenic climate change, forced response to any external forcing is required be detectable against internal variability. Thus far, only detectability SRM has been examined using both a stationary and nonstationary detection attribution method. Here, spatiotemporal artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) as exemplary methods for CDR SRM,...
Abstract The physiological tolerances of marine species toward ambient temperature and oxygen can jointly be evaluated in a single metric: the metabolic index. Changes therein characterize changing aerobic habitat tailored to species‐specific thermal hypoxia sensitivity traits. If geographical limits as indicated by critical thresholds index shift abruptly response ocean warming deoxygenation, could potentially lost abruptly. Here, we assess spatio‐temporal detectability abrupt shifts...
Abstract. Being windows to the deep ocean, Nordic Seas play an important role in transferring anthropogenic carbon, and thus ocean acidification, abyss. Due its location high latitudes, it is further more sensitive acidification compared with many other oceanic regions. Here we make a detailed investigation of Seas, drivers, since pre-Industrial 2100 by using situ measurements, gridded climatological data, simulations from one Earth System Model (ESM). In last 40 years, pH has decreased 0.11...
Abstract. The subpolar gyre region in the North Atlantic is a major sink for anthropogenic carbon. While storage rates show large interannual variability related to atmospheric forcing, less known about natural Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and combined impact of variations two components on total DIC inventories. Here, data from 15 cruises Irminger Sea covering 1991–2015 were used determine changes its relation distribution evolution main water masses. inventory increased by 1.43...
Tipping points are thresholds beyond which large, abrupt and possibly irreversible changes in the climate system or large scale ecosystems would occur. The crossing of such tipping under anthropogenic forcing poses a threat to biodiversity, food security, human societies. However, due complexity processes involved, it remains notoriously difficult determine exact that need be avoided stay within “safe operating space” for humanity. Here, we map, variety mitigation...
Abstract. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions cause multiple changes in the ocean and its ecosystems through climate change acidification. These can occur progressively with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, but there is also possibility of large-scale abrupt, and/or potentially irreversible changes, which would leave limited opportunity for marine to adapt. Such either progressive or pose a threat biodiversity, food security, human societies. However, it remains...
We present the CMIP6 version of Max Planck Institute-Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE CMIP6) with 30 realisations for historical period and five emission scenarios. The power MPI-GE goes beyond its predecessor ensemble by providing high-frequency model output, full range scenarios including highly policy relevant SSP1-1.9 SSP1-2.6, opportunity to compare high resolution simulations same version. demonstrate six novel application examples how use better quantify understand future extreme events in...
Abstract. Repeated hydrographic sections provide critically needed data on, and understanding of, changes in basin-wide ocean CO2 chemistry over multi-decadal timescales. Here, high-quality measurements collected at thirteen cruises carried out along the same track between 1981 2015, have been used to determine long-term acidification Irminger Iceland basins of North Atlantic Ocean. Trends were determined for each main water masses present are discussed context circulation. The pH has...
Table S1.Temporal evolution (1981Temporal ( -2015) ) of the values (average ± confidence interval) in situ temperature (T is , ºC), salinity, oxygen (O 2 μmol•kg -1 ), pH total scale at conditions (pH Tis alkalinity (A T dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, and anthropogenic CO estimated with φC 0 method (C ant for layers considered Irminger basin (S1a) Iceland (S1b).The mean pressure (Press, dbar) layer also given.Values listed here were obtained by vertically horizontally integrating each...