Regeneration in the CNS is blocked by many different growth inhibitory proteins. To foster regeneration, we have investigated a strategy to block neuronal response signals. Here, report that injured axons regrow directly on complex substrates when Rho GTPase inactivated. Treatment of PC12 cells with C3 enzyme inactivate and transfection dominant negative allowed neurite substrates. Primary retinal neurons treated extended neurites myelin-associated glycoprotein myelin explore regeneration...

Abstract Both anatomical and physiological mapping methods have revealed that the mammalian cerebellar cortex consists of a family parasagittal bands cells, each band with its own pattern afferent efferent axons. Monoclonal antibody mabQ113 recognizes an unknown polypeptide antigen is confined to subset rat Purkinje cells. Immunoreactive cells are arranged into extending throughout vermis hemispheres. Expression Q113 epitope by individual may not be all‐or‐nothing, since tend more strongly...

In order to study the mechanisms of synaptogenesis in rat cerebellar cortex, a library monoclonal antibodies has been generated against proteins isolated synapse. One recognizes glycosylated 38 kDa protein that is concentrated synaptic vesicle fraction and resembles synaptophysin biochemically its molecular weight, charge, pattern glycosylation. adult antisynaptophysin(mabQ155) immunoreactivity codistributed with synapses. Immunoreactivity strongest layer where punctate deposits reaction...

It is well established that tau pathology propagates in a predictable manner Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, accumulates the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD's patients. The mechanisms underlying propagation and its accumulation CSF remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have reported human was secreted by neurons non-neuronal cells when it overexpressed indicating secretion could contribute spreading brain lead CSF. In present study, we showed overexpression resulted Hela cells. main...

G3BP1, a target of TDP-43, is required for normal stress granule (SG) assembly, but the functional consequences failed SG assembly remain unknown. Here, using both transformed cell lines and primary neurons, we investigated impact this disruption in dynamics. While stress-induced translational repression recruitment key proteins was undisturbed, depletion G3BP1 or its upstream regulator TDP-43 disturbed interactions between SGs processing bodies (PBs). This concomitant with decreased size,...

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is characterized by selective death retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Ocular hypertension most significant known risk factor for developing disease, but mechanism which elevated pressure damages RGCs currently unknown. The axonal-enriched microtubule-associated protein tau a key mediator neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Using well vivo rat glaucoma model, we show an age-related increase endogenous that...

The I kappaB alpha protein is a key molecular target involved in the control of NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors during viral infection or inflammatory reactions. This NF-kappaB-inhibitory factor regulated by posttranslational phosphorylation and ubiquitination its amino-terminal signal response domain that targets for rapid proteolysis 26S proteasome. In an attempt to identify regulators inhibitory activity, we undertook yeast two-hybrid genetic screen, using end as bait, identified 12...

Monoclonal antibody mabQ113 recognizes a polypeptide antigen that, in the adult cerebellum, is confined to subset of Purkinje cells that are clustered together form parasagittal bands interposed by similar nonimmunoreactive bands. The cell compartments congruent with climbing fibers projecting from subregions inferior olivary complex (IOC). array appears late development cortex. Weak immunoreactivity first seen at postnatal day 6 (P6) posterior lobe vermis. From earliest stages there signs...

The activation state of Rho is an important determinant axon growth and regeneration in neurons. Axons can extend neurites on inhibitory substrates when inactivated by C3-ADP-ribosyltransferase (C3). We found Rho-GTP pull-down assay that activate Rho. To inactivate Rho, scrape-loading C3 was necessary because it does not freely enter cells. overcome the poor permeability C3, we made characterized five new recombinant C3-like chimeric proteins designed to cross cell membrane...

Abstract The mammalian cerebellum is divided into multiple parasagittal compartments as defined by the organization of afferent and efferent projections pattern expression several biochemical markers. One such marker antigen zebrin I, a 120 kD polypeptide unknown function that expressed differentially subset Purkinje cells. Zebrin I+ cells are grouped an array 14 bands interposed I− compartments. This cell compartmentation corresponds to in olivocerebellar projection. axon present prior...

Recent studies have demonstrated that human tau can be secreted by neurons and non-neuronal cells, an event linked to the propagation of pathology in brain. In present study, we confirmed under physiological conditions, one tau-positive band was detected culture medium with anti-tau antibody recognizing total Tau-1 directed against unphosphorylated tau. We then examined whether secretion modified upon insults. Tau increased starvation [Earle's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS)], inhibition...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of abnormal, straight filaments and paired helical (PHFs) that are coated with amorphous aggregates. When PHFs treated alkali, they untwist form a ribbonlike morphology. Tau protein major component all these ultrastructures. 14-3-3ζ present in NFTs significantly upregulated AD brain. The molecular basis association within pathological significance its not known. In this study, we have found copurified co-immunoprecipitates tau from...

The respective roles of genetic and epigenetic factors in generation pattern formation the vertebrate nervous system are still poorly elucidated. mammalian cerebellum is subdivided parasagittal modules defined by anatomical, physiological, biochemical criteria. Immunostaining adult mouse with two monoclonal antibodies, P-path, which recognizes 9-O-acetylated glycolipids, Zebrin II, a 36-kDa protein, reveals three classes sagittally organized bands Purkinje cells: complementary groups...

The axonal microtubule-associated protein TAU, involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), can be found the extracellular space where it could taken up by neurons, an event that is believed to contribute propagation of tau pathology brain. Since small GTPase Rab7A trafficking endosomes, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, RAB7A gene expression levels are up-regulated AD patients, we tested hypothesis was secretion. We previously reported both primary cortical neurons HeLa cells over-expressing human...

The emergence of processes from cells often involves interactions between microtubules and microfilaments. Interactions these two cytoskeletal systems are particularly apparent in neuronal growth cones. juvenile isoform the microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2c) is present cones, where we hypothesize it mediates microfilaments microtubules. To approach this problem vivo, used human melanoma cell, M2, which lacks actin-binding protein-280 (ABP-280) forms membrane blebs, not seen wild-type...

Abstract Neurons undergo complex morphological changes during differentiation and in cases of plasticity. A major determinant cell morphology is the actin cytoskeleton, which neurons comprised two isoforms, non‐muscle γ‐ β‐actin. To better understand their respective roles plasticity, cellular subcellular localization was examined developing adult cerebellar cortex. It observed that γ‐actin expressed at a constant level throughout development, while β‐actin expression rapidly decreases with...