Phosphatidylserine is synthesized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and a unique membrane fraction, mitochondria-associated (MAM) (Vance, 1990Vance J.E. J. Biol. Chem. 1990; 265: 7248-7256Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar 265, 7248–7256). In Chinese hamster ovary cells labeled with [3H]serine or [3H]ethanolamine, we found that majority of mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine was derived from phosphatidylserine decarboxylation. Essentially no phosphatidylethanolamine, especially...

Astragalus membranaceus is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for strengthening the host defense system. membranaceus-polysaccharides an effective component with various important bioactivities, such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. In present study, we determine effects of on metabolically stressed transgenic mice order to develop this macromolecules treatment sporadic Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease...

The fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus has been demonstrated to possess anti-dementia activity in mouse model Alzheimer's disease and people with mild cognitive impairment. However, the therapeutic potential mycelia on remains unclear. In this study, effects erinacine A-enriched (HE-My) pathological changes APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic are studied.After a 30 day oral administration 5 month-old female mice, we found that HE-My its ethanol extracts (HE-Et) attenuated cerebral Aβ plaque burden....

Amyloid beta protein (Abeta) elicits a toxic effect on neurons in vitro and vivo. In present study we attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which Abeta confers its neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens Abeta-mediated toxicity were also investigated. Cortical treated with 5 microm Abeta-(25-35) for 40 h decreased cell viability 45.5 +/- 4.6% concomitant appearance apoptotic morphology. 50 kaempferol apigenin Abeta-induced death 81.5 9.4% 49.2 9.9%, respectively....

Hericium erinaceus was used in traditional Chinese medicine for physiologically beneficial medicines. Recently, it has become a candidate causing positive brain health-related activities. We previously reported that mycelium ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathologies. To reveal the role of cyanthin diterpenoid and sesterterpene constituents on this effects, erinacine A S were isolated their effects attenuating AD-related pathology APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice investigated. 30...

Abstract Activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been proposed in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In present study, anti-inflammatory effect afatinib, an EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIs) was investigated using CTX-TNA2 cells and primary cultured astrocytes subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that OGD induced EGFR phosphorylation activated subsequent signaling pathways, including AKT extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)....

Three new compounds, 19-hydroxylabda-8(17)-en-16,15-olide (1), 3β,19-dihydroxylabda-8(17),11E-dien-16,15-olide (2), and 13-epi-3β,19-dihydroxylabda-8(17),11E-dien-16,15-olide (3), together with four known 19-hydroxylabda-8(17),13-dien-16,15-olide (4), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (5), 14-deoxyandrographolide, pinusolidic acid, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorata. The structures compounds 1−3 elucidated by analysis their spectroscopic data. in vitro...

A new sesterterpene, erinacine S, and one cyathane diterpene xyloside, A, were isolated from the ethanol extract of mycelia Hericium erinaceus. Their structures elucidated by spectroscopic X-ray analysis. 30-day oral course erinacines S attenuated Aβ plaque burden in brains 5-month-old female APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Moreover, significantly increased level insulin-degrading enzyme cerebral cortex.

A series of chromatographic separations performed on the ethanol extracts peels Citrus grandis has led to characterization forty compounds, including seventeen coumarins, eight flavonoids, two triterpenoids, four benzenoids, steroids, one lignan, amide, and five other respectively. The chemical structures purified constituents were identified basis spectroscopic elucidation, 1D- 2D-NMR, UV, IR, mass spectrometric analysis. Most isolated compounds examined for their inhibition superoxide...

Acteoside and isoacteoside, two phenylethanoid glycosides, coexist in some plants. This study investigates the memory-improving cytoprotective effects of acteoside isoacteoside amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42)-infused rats Aβ 1-42-treated SH-SY5Y cells. It further elucidates role cascade central neuronal function these effects. ameliorated cognitive deficits, decreased deposition, reversed cholinergic dysfunction that were caused by rats. extracellular 1-40 production restored cell viability...

Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, potentially facilitated by the passage of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg-OMVs). Several recent studies have suggested a connection between Pg-OMVs and neuroinflammation neurodegeneration, but precise causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying these associations using in vitro models. Isolated were characterized morphology, size, gingipain activity. We exposed...

The mechanism of import phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) into mitochondria was investigated using a reconstituted system isolated organelles in vitroin which PtdSer translocated from donor membranes to and decarboxylated therein. Neither phosphatidylcholine nor phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) under the same conditions. Transfer its site synthesis on endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria-associated [J. E. Vance (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 7248–7256] decarboxylation mitochondrial inner is predicted...

Abstract Background The roles of caspase 3 on the kainic acid-mediated neurodegeneration, dendritic plasticity alteration, neurogenesis, microglial activation and gliosis are not fully understood. Here, we investigate hippocampal changes using a mouse model that receive single acid-intracerebral ventricle injection. effects inhibition these were detected during period 1 to 7 days post acid Result Neurodegeneration was assessed by Fluoro-Jade B staining neuronal nuclei protein (NeuN)...

High-fat and high-sugar diets contribute to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although impact high-fat on AD pathogenesis has been established, effect high-sucrose (HSDs) remains unclear. This study sought determine HSDs AD-related pathologies. Male APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic wild-type mice were provided with HSD their cognitive hypothalamus-related noncognitive parameters, including feeding behaviors glycemic regulation, compared. HSD-fed APP/PS1 showed...

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death worldwide, and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) only drug used for a limited group stroke patients in acute phase. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has long been improving neurological functional recovery stroke. In this study, we characterized therapeutic effect TPA BHD cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury mouse model using multiplex proteomics approach. After iTRAQ-based analysis, 1310 proteins...

This study investigates the role of amyloid cascade and central neuronal function on protective effects echinacoside in β peptide 1-42 (Aβ 1-42)-treated SH-SY5Y cells an Aβ 1-42-infused rat.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative is highly associated with metabolic syndromes. We previously demonstrated that glycemic dysregulation and obesity are augmented in high fat diet (HFD)-treated APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice. In the current study, underlying mechanism mediating exacerbated stresses HFD APP/PS1 mice was further examined. developed insulin resistance and, consequently, impaired glucose homeostasis after 10 weeks on HFD....

The drugs currently used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) are limited in the benefits they confer, and no medication has been clearly proven cure or delay progression of AD. Most candidate AD meant reduce production, aggregation, toxicity amyloid β (Aβ) promote Aβ clearance. Herein, we demonstrate efficient synthesis hydroxyl-functionalized stilbene 2-arylbenzo[b]furan derivatives report on neuroprotective anti-inflammatory effects these phenolic compounds vitro an animal model....

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes death worldwide and a major cause acquired disability in adults. However, there still need for an effective drug its treatment. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has long been used clinically to aid neurological recovery after stroke. To establish potential clinical indicators BHD efficacy treatment prognosis, we conducted combined proteomic metabolomic analysis cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples...

Eight new clausenamides, including three γ-lactams (1-3), four δ-lactams (4-7), and an amide (8), seven known lactams, compounds 9-11, which were purified from natural sources for the first time, characterized leaves of Clausena lansium. Their structures elucidated using spectroscopic methods, absolute configurations determined electronic circular dichroism single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses with Cu Kα radiation. Compound 2 (50 μM) protected 22.24% cortical neurons against...