Mature medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to ethinylestradiol (EE2) at measured concentrations of 32.6, 63.9, 116, 261, and 488 ng/L for 21 d under flow-through conditions. Effects on reproductive success the fish as well gonadal condition vitellogenin (VTG) induction assessed. A significant decrease in fecundity was observed only highest EE2 concentration, whereas hepatic VTG concentration males increased 63.9 greater. In addition, an intersex (testis-ova) gonad male > or = ng/L....

We elucidated the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on reproductive capacity (fecundity and fertility) estrogenic response adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) studied transgenerational (F, generation growth sex) this agent F1 offspring. Eight mating pairs were exposed to BPA for three weeks at a measured concentration 837, 1,720, or 3,120 microg/L. Throughout exposure period, we observed no reduction fecundity fertility in any treatment group survival imbalance sex ratio However, histologic...

Abstract Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) at the sublethal concentrations of 2.28, 13.0, 71.2, 355, and 1,820 μg/L (as mean measured concentrations) in early life stage from fertilized eggs 60-d posthatch. Except for growth sexual differentiation fish posthatch, no effects observed on hatching success time embryological mortality abnormal behavior appearance hatched larvae. The was suppressed with increasing BPA concentrations, resulting significant...

We studied the chronic effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on reproductive status medaka (Oryzias latipes) over two generations continuous exposure. The exposure study parental (F0) was begun embryos within 24 h postfertilization and continued with monitoring through embryological development, hatching, posthatch survival, growth, sexual differentiation, reproduction under flow-through exposures to mean measured 4-NP concentrations 4.2, 8.2, 17.7, 51.5, 183 microg/L for up 104 d. Eggs spawned...

Abstract We studied the chronic effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on reproductive status medaka (Oryzias latipes) over two generations continuous exposure. The exposure study parental (F0) was begun embryos within 24 h postfertilization and continued with monitoring through embryological development, hatching, posthatch survival, growth, sexual differentiation, reproduction under flow-through exposures to mean measured 4-NP concentrations 4.2, 8.2, 17.7, 51.5, 183 μg/L for up 104 d. Eggs...

Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were continuously exposed to various concentrations of two alkylphenols, 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), from fertilized eggs 60 d posthatch. The effects on sexual differentiation hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) induction in medaka assessed elucidate the lowest-observed-effect (LOECs) NP OP for these events during early life stages. LOECs 11.6 11.4 microg/L, respectively. These results suggest that may have adverse at similar stage medaka. Additionally, we...

Abstract We exposed mature Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) to 4‐nonylphenol (4‐NP) elucidate its reproductive effects and estrogenic responses. For each treatment, eight breeding pairs were for 3 weeks at measured 4‐NP concentrations of 24.8, 50.9, 101, 184 μg/L. Egg production the during third week exposure (15–21 d) was significantly decreased in ≥101‐μg/L treatment group, fertility 184‐μg/L group. Induction testis–ova observed male fish all concentrations, whereas abnormality...

Abstract-We studied the chronic effects of methyltestosterone (MT) on reproductive status medaka (Oryzias latipes) over two generations under continuous exposure to verify applicability fish full life-cycle test (FFLC) for this androgen with species. The parental (F0) MT was begun embryos within 12 h postfertilization and continued up 101 d; assessment endpoints included embryological development, hatching, posthatch survival, growth, sexual differentiation, reproduction, hepatic...

A study was conducted to determine the potential suitability of Terra/MODIS imagery for monitoring short‐term phenological changes in forage conditions a semi‐arid region. The sites included four meadow steppes and six typical Xilingol steppe central Inner Mongolia, China. live biomass, dead standing total crude protein (CP) concentration CP were estimated from early April late October using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values Terra (500 m pixels). Applying regression models, EVI...

We studied the chronic effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on reproductive status medaka (Oryzias latipes) over two generations under continuous exposure to assess its hazard this species. The parental (F0) E2 was begun embryos within 12 h postfertilization and continued for up 101 d; assessment endpoints included embryological development, hatching, posthatch survival, growth, sexual differentiation, reproduction, hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) levels flow-through at each mean measured...

Abstract 1. The effect of L-carnitine supplemented into experimental diets with varying dietary protein concentrations (50, 200 and 400 g/kg) on body weight gain plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in chicks was examined. 2. Dietary supplementation provided 0, 200, 500 1000 mg/kg. Chicks were given the diet ad libitum for 10 d. 3. When as or mg/kg, significantly improved birds receiving g protein/kg diets. 4. There an interaction between content IGF-I concentration. had...

Abstract We studied the chronic effects of 4‐ tert ‐pentylphenol (4‐PP) on reproductive status medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) over two generations under continuous exposure, with goal verifying applicability fish full life‐cycle test (FFLC) for this weak estrogen species. The exposure parental (F 0 to 4‐PP was begun embryos within 12 h after fertilization and continued up 101 d, monitoring embryological development, hatching, posthatch survival, growth, sexual differentiation, reproduction,...

1. Chicks whose growth rate had been depressed either by a fully conventional flora or association with bile acid deconjugating strain of Streptococcus faecium and/or filterable agent from chicken droppings showed no significant reduction in uptake 3-0-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose compared germ-free birds. 2. Association microflora increased the weight gut per unit length.

International concern over endocrine active substances (EASs) has led to intensive research programmes establish fish reproductive and developmental toxicity tests for use in environmental (ecological) risk assessment. This chapter gives an overview of key themes vivo ecotoxicology research, including screening assays, partial life-cycle (the draft OECD reproduction test the new development test) full tests. In context guidelines program, species primary interest include fathead minnow,...

Abstract 1. The effect of the gut flora on chick growth and protein energy utilisation at a marginal dietary level (calculated metabolis‐able value 11.7 MJ/kg) was determined with diets containing 227 or 293 g protein/kg. 2. Germ‐free (GF) conventional (CV) chicks were reared for 10 d diets, excreta collected during last 4 d. killed carcases droppings analysed N fat. 3. GF grew significantly faster than CV controls both diets. given high diet similar to that adequate diet. 4. Protein less 5....

1. The present study was done to clarify the relationship between amount of dietary protein given to, and gut microflora of, host. Day-old chicks were diets containing three concentrations (50, 200 400 g/kg) for 14 d. Body-weight gain, food consumption, body energy utilization measured.2. There no difference in body-weight gain consumption germ-free (GF) conventional (CV) chicks, but conversion efficiency (g gained/g consumed) significantly higher GF than CV chicks.3. Little found retention...

Mating pairs of medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to diclofenac at measured concentrations 0 (control), 7.1, 37, and 78 μg/L for 14 d under static-renewal conditions. Effects on reproductive success, as well morphological abnormalities, the fish assessed. During exposure period, both fecundity fertility significantly decreased in 37- 78-μg/L treatment groups, swollen abdomens females observed all groups. Notably, a defect lower jaw was also 4 male fish: 2 37 diclofenac. Subsequently, we...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used therapeutic agents; however, their pharmacological actions raise concerns about potential risks to the reproductive health of aquatic vertebrates. In present study, a medaka ovulation assay was applied as an in vitro model evaluate NSAID-induced antiovulatory activity. We first tested five NSAIDs, including diclofenac sodium (DCF), ketoprofen (KP), salicylic acid (SA), mefenamic (MA), and acetylsalicylic (ASA) for activities...

1. Uptake of L-[2(n)-3H]methionine and 3-O-methyl[14C]-D-glucose (3MG) from jejunal loops in vivo was investigated germ-free (GF), gnotobiotic (GN) conventional (CV) chicks aged between 2 4 weeks. 2. Body-weight gain less, intestine weight per unit length greater, CV GN birds than corresponding GF birds. 3. both nutrients less when calculated g intestinal tissue, but no difference found any the groups uptake expressed intestine. 4. Concentration methionine mesenteric cardiac blood higher,...