Recent data suggest that dietary fat promotes intestinal absorption of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from the gut microflora, which might contribute to various inflammatory disorders. The mechanism fat-induced LPS is unclear, however. Intestinal-epithelial cells can internalize apical surface and transport Golgi. Golgi complex also contains newly formed chylomicrons, lipoproteins long-chain through mesenteric lymph blood. Because has affinity for we hypothesized chylomicron formation absorption....

Strong tight junctions and curtailed inflammatory responses under stressful conditions are key for optimal digestive health. Bacillus-based probiotics increasingly being used to maintain broilers' health, but their mode of action is often not well-defined. In the present study we Caco-2 cells as a model intestinal epithelia assessed effect three on barrier function inflammation. Experimental results showed that one tested strains, Bs 29784, significantly reinforced integrity basal through an...

The high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI), mediates selective cholesteryl ester uptake from lipoproteins into liver and steroidogenic tissues but also cholesterol efflux macrophages to HDL. Recently, we demonstrated the of HDL particles in SR-BI overexpressing Chinese hamster ovarian cells (ldlA7-SRBI) using ultrasensitive microscopy. In this study show that entire is followed by resecretion. After uptake, localized endocytic vesicles organelles...

Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein of unknown function. SAA mostly expressed in the liver, but also other tissues including intestinal epithelium. reportedly has anti-bacterial effects, and because inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from breakdown homeostatic interactions between epithelia bacteria, we hypothesized that protective during experimental colitis. Intestinal expression was measured mouse human samples. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis induced 1/2...

Little is known about the release and intercellular transport of Wnt proteins from mammalian cells. Lipoproteins may act as carriers for movement gradient formation lipid-linked morphogens Wingless Hedgehog in Drosophila. To investigate whether such a mechanism can occur mammals, we have studied cultured Wnt3a associated with lipoproteins culture medium not extracellular vesicles or exosomes. Although was both high-density (HDL) low-density lipoproteins, only HDL allowed mouse fibroblasts....

A small fraction of dietary protein survives enzymatic degradation and is absorbed in potentially antigenic form. This can trigger inflammatory responses patients with celiac disease or food allergies, but typically induces systemic immunological tolerance (oral tolerance). At present it not clear how antigens are absorbed. Most staples, including those common such as peanuts, eggs, milk, contain long-chain triglycerides (LCT), which stimulate mesenteric lymph flux postprandial transport...

Postbiotics may help strengthen intestinal barrier function. This study assessed the effects of a postbiotic derived from Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis on epithelial cytokine production. Human-derived colon tubules were cultured chips for 15 days. On day 8, was disrupted with 0.7 μM afatinib. Postbiotic doses 5, 10, or 20 mg/mL added days 6, 11, 13. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measured 13, 15, along phase contrast imaging....

Background: A small fraction of dietary protein survives enzymatic degradation and is absorbed in potentially antigenic form.This can trigger inflammatory responses patients with celiac disease or food allergies, but typically induces systemic immunological tolerance (oral tolerance).At present it not clear how antigens are absorbed.Most staples, including those common such as peanuts, eggs, milk, contain long-chain triglycerides (LCT), which stimulate mesenteric lymph flux postprandial...

Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) mediates selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from HDL as well efflux cellular free cholesterol to HDL. It is unclear whether the involved in intestinal absorption. We addressed this issue by studying [3H]cholesterol flux differentiated CaCo-2 cells incubated at their apical side with mixed taurocholate/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol micelles. Biotinylation and binding experiments showed predominant expression endogenous overexpressed SR-BI. Mixed...

The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger Class B type I (SR-BI) plays a key role in mediating the final step of reverse cholesterol transport. This study examined possible regulation hepatic SR-BI by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), well known regulator endocytosis and membrane protein trafficking.SR-BI-dependent HDL selective ester uptake human HepG2 hepatoma cells was decreased (approximately 50%) PI3K inhibitors wortmannin LY294002. Insulin increased 30%), this increase...

Obesity is associated with inflammation of visceral adipose tissues, which increases the risk for insulin resistance. Animal models suggest that T-lymphocyte infiltration an important early step, although it unclear why these cells are attracted. We have recently demonstrated dietary triglycerides, major components high fat diets, promote intestinal absorption a protein antigen (ovalbumin, "OVA"). The was partly transported on chylomicrons, prominently cleared in tissues. hypothesized...

Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted glycoprotein that promotes TH1 immune responses, is involved in several inflammatory conditions. Recently, OPN plasma levels have been demonstrated to be elevated patients with Crohn's disease. From this evidence, we investigated the present study whether deficiency protects mice against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis.Colitis was induced -/- and matched wild-type Black Swiss control by adding 3.5% DSS their drinking water. Disease progression...

Abstract Background Lentinan (LNT) may regulate many important physiological functions of human and animals. This study aimed to verify whether LNT administration could relieve diarrhea via improving gut immunity in rotavirus (RV)-challenged weaned pigs. Methods Twenty-eight pigs were randomly fed 2 diets containing 0 or 84 mg/kg product for 19 d ( n = 14). RV infection was executed on 15. After extracting polysaccharides from product, its major monosaccharides analyzed. Then, polysaccharide...

Both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) are the major phospholipids in outer leaflet of hepatocyte canalicular membrane. Yet, secreted into bile consist principally (>95%) PC. In order to understand physical–chemical basis for preferential biliary PC secretion, we compared interactions with salts (taurocholate) cholesterol egg yolk (EY)SM (mainly 16:0 acyl chains, similar trace SM bile), buttermilk (BM)SM saturated long (>20 C-atoms) membrane SM) (EY)PC unsaturated chains at...

ABSTRACT Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide involved in background adaptation teleost fish, and multiple regulatory functions mammals fish. To study the expression of MCH preprohormone (ppMCH) teleosts, we first cloned hypothalamic cDNA encoding complete ppMCH tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ), cRNA probe derived from 270 bp fragment was used for studies. The level mRNA hypothalamus, measured by dot blot analysis, significantly higher fish adapted to white than...

Patients with multiple cholesterol gallstones are at increased risk of recurrence after nonsurgical therapy, possibly because fast biliary crystallization. Serum apolipoprotein E4 (apo E4) is a factor for primary gallstone formation as well recurrence. We examined potential effects stone number and E genotype on crystallization various crystallization-influencing factors in gallbladder biles 36 patients (25 stones: 10 carrying the epsilon4 allele). Biliary saturation, bile salt composition...

The inter-mixed micellar/vesicular (non-phospholipid-associated) bile salt concentration (IMC) can be rapidly measured in model biles by centrifugal ultrafiltration, thus allowing reliable separation of vesicular and micellar cholesterol carriers gel filtration with an elution buffer containing salts at the correct IMC (Donovan, J. M., A. Jackson. 1993. Lipid Res. 34: 1121–1129). We adapted this method to more complex human gallbladder examined relationship between solubilization...

Abstract The objective of this study was to measure the effects a Lactobacillus fermentation product (LBFP) on fecal characteristics and microbiota, blood biomarkers, immune function, serum oxidative stress markers adult dogs. Thirty beagle dogs [23 M, 7 F; mean age = 8.47 ± 2.65 y old; BW 15.43 4.17 kg] were used in completely randomized design study. All fed basal diet maintain for 5 wk, followed by baseline sample collections. Dogs remained same diet, but then randomly assigned placebo...