Precise knowledge regarding cellular uptake of nanoparticles is great importance for future biomedical applications. Four different endocytotic mechanisms, that is, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis, were investigated using a mouse macrophage (J774A.1) human alveolar epithelial type II cell line (A549). In order to deduce the involved pathway in nanoparticle uptake, selected inhibitors specific one pathways optimized concentration incubation time...

Intensive efforts in recent years to develop and commercialize vitro alternatives the field of risk assessment have yielded new promising two- three dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Nevertheless, a realistic 3D alveolar model is not available yet. Here we report on biofabrication human air-blood tissue barrier analogue composed an endothelial cell, basement membrane epithelial layer by using bioprinting technology. In contrary manual method, demonstrate that this technique enables...

Experimental studies provide evidence that inhaled nanoparticles may translocate over the airspace epithelium and cause increased cellular inflammation. Little is known, however, about dependence of particle size or material on translocation characteristics, inflammatory response intracellular localization.Using a triple cell co-culture model human airway wall composed epithelial cells, macrophages dendritic cells we quantified entering fine (1 mum) nano-sized (0.078 polystyrene particles by...

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Abstract Background Fine particulate matter originating from traffic correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. An important source of particles is brake wear cars which contributes up to 20% the total emissions. The aim this study was evaluate potential toxicological effects human epithelial lung cells exposed freshly generated particles. Results exposure box mounted around a car's braking system. Lung cultured at air-liquid interface were then emitted two typical behaviours („full...

As a part of the respiratory tissue barrier, lung epithelial cells play an important role against penetration body by inhaled particulate foreign materials. In most cell culture models, which are designed to study particle-cell interactions, immersed in medium. This does not reflect physiological condition exposed air, separated from it only very thin liquid lining layer with surfactant film at air-liquid interface. this study, A549 were grown on microporous membranes two chamber system....

The respiratory tract is an attractive target organ for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications with nano-sized carriers, but their immune effects interactions key resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic (DCs) alveolar macrophages (AMs) in different anatomical compartments remain poorly understood. Polystyrene particles ranging from 20 nm to 1,000 were instilled intranasally BALB/c mice, APC populations airways, lung parenchyma, lung-draining lymph nodes (LDLNs)...

Nanotechnology in its widest sense seeks to exploit the special biophysical and chemical properties of materials at nanoscale. While potential technological, diagnostic or therapeutic applications are promising there is a growing body evidence that technological features nanoparticulate material associated with biological effects formerly not attributed same larger particle scale. Therefore, studies address hazards nanoparticles on systems including human health required. Due large surface...

Understanding how nanoparticles may affect immune responses is an essential prerequisite to developing novel clinical applications. To investigate nanoparticle-dependent outcomes on responses, dendritic cells (DCs) were treated with model biomedical poly(vinylalcohol)-coated super-paramagnetic iron oxide (PVA-SPIONs). PVA-SPIONs uptake by human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) was analyzed flow cytometry (FACS) and advanced imaging techniques. Viability, activation, function, stimulatory...

Increasing concern has been expressed regarding the potential adverse health effects that may be associated with human exposure to inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Thus it is imperative an understanding as underlying mechanisms and identification of key factors involved in are gained. In alveoli, MWCNTs first interact pulmonary surfactant. At this interface, proteins lipids surfactant bind MWCNTs, affecting their surface characteristics. Aim present study was investigate if...

Nanocarrier design combined with pulmonary drug delivery holds great promise for the treatment of respiratory tract disorders. In particular, targeting dendritic cells that are key immune to enhance or suppress an response in lung is a promising approach allergic diseases. Fluorescently encoded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-coated gold nanoparticles, functionalized either negative (−COO–) positive (−NH3+) surface charges, were DC-SIGN antibody on particle surface, enabling binding cell receptor....

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to lead high morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, severe maternal neonatal outcomes placental pathological changes have been described. We evaluate infection at the maternal-fetal interface using precision-cut slices (PCSs) of human placenta. Remarkably, exposure placenta PCSs leads a full replication cycle with infectious virus release. Moreover, susceptibility tissue relates expression levels ACE2. Viral proteins and/or viral RNA are detected...

Using an in vitro triple cell co-culture model consisting of human epithelial cells (16HBE14o-), monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, it was recently demonstrated that create a transepithelial network between the to capture antigens without disrupting tightness. The expression different tight junction proteins formation junction-like structures with has been demonstrated. Immunofluorescent methods combined laser scanning microscopy quantitative real-time polymerase chain...

The tremendous application potential of nanosized materials stays in sharp contrast to a growing number critical reports their toxicity. Applications vitro methods assess nanoparticles are severely limited through difficulties exposing cells the respiratory tract directly airborne engineered nanoparticles. We present completely new approach expose lung particles generated situ by flame spray synthesis. Cerium oxide from single run were produced and simultaneously exposed surface cultured...

In order to harness the unique properties of nanoparticles for novel clinical applications and modulate their uptake into specific immune cells we designed a new library homo- hetero-functional fluorescence-encoded gold (Au-NPs) using different poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymers particle coating stabilization. The encoded particles were fully characterized by UV-Vis fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta potential dynamic light scattering. human monocyte derived dendritic in...

Nanosized particles may enable therapeutic modulation of immune responses by targeting dendritic cell (DC) networks in accessible organs such as the lung. To date, however, effects nanoparticles on DC function and downstream remain poorly understood.Bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were exposed vitro to 20 or 1,000 nm polystyrene (PS) particles. Particle uptake kinetics, surface marker expression, soluble protein antigen degradation, well CD4(+) T-cell proliferation cytokine production...