In order to examine the possibility of preparing a nonreacted (nonalloyed) Ohmic contact p-GaN, effects GaN surface treatments and work functions metals on electrical properties between metal contacts p-GaN were investigated. A contamination layer consisting GaOx adsorbed carbons was found substrate grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The not completely removed sputtering with Ar N ions where ion densities ∼10−2 μA/cm2. Although partially immersing in buffered HF solution,...

To clarify whether ultrasound findings of skin and subcutaneous tissue represent the severity lymphedema.Thirty-five patients with secondary lower extremity lymphedema caused by intrapelvic lymph node dissection during cancer surgery, who first visited our clinic between April 2009 March 2012, were studied retrospectively. At their visit, thickness, echogenicity assessed at 8 points on thigh leg both legs using an 11-MHz transducer. These correlated International Society Lymphology (ISL)...

To elucidate the differences in subcutaneous ultrasound findings between dependent edema (DE) and secondary lower extremity lymphedema (LE).Twenty legs 10 patients with DE 54 35 LE, who first visited our clinic April 2009 December 2012, were studied retrospectively. Subcutaneous echogenicity echo-free space (EFS) assessed at 8 points on thigh leg using an 8-12 MHz transducer.In DE, was increased most leg, without a difference medial lateral side. The EFS remarkable side more severe. In early...

Effects of a NiO layer on the electrical properties NiAu-based ohmic contacts for p-GaN were studied by depositing p-type using sputter-deposition technique. layers doped with Li[NiO(Li)] had conduction sheet resistivity around 1 Ω cm after annealing at temperatures lower than 500 °C. A variety such as NiO/Au, NiO(Li)/Au, Ni/NiO(Li)/Au, Ni/Li2O/NiO/Au, and Ni/Li2O/Ni/NiO/Au prepared p-GaN, where slash “/” indicates deposition sequence. However, these did not provide specific contact...

The process developed and recently used at IBM for fabricating experimental Pb-alloy Josephson tunnel-junction devices, the factors which influence stability of such devices during repeated cycling between 300 4.2 K are reviewed. A new, fine-grained Pb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.84</inf> In xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.12</inf> Au xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.04</inf> alloy base electrode...

Although extensive efforts have continued to develop Ohmic contacts for p-type GaN, which specific contact resistance (ρc) lower than that (ρc∼10−2 Ω cm2) of conventional Ni/Au contacts, the best our knowledge no breakthrough has been reported in open literature. We demonstrated bilayered Ta/Ti a ρc value around 3×10−5 cm2 GaN with hole concentration 7×1017 cm−3. This low enough manufacture blue laser diodes, but deterioration during room-temperature storage is key issue.

Our objectives were to elucidate the pathophysiology of leg edema in immobile patients and discuss reasonable management this condition.The 30 with had visited our clinic between April 2009 March 2013; they suffered from severe gait disturbance, no significant venous abnormalities detected using duplex ultrasound, did not have any systemic diseases that could cause edema. Here, we review their symptoms, examinations, treatments. Among 59 edematous legs patients, (51%) symptoms indicated...

Therapeutic angiogenesis induced by the implantation of autologous bone marrow-derived cells has been used for treatment ischemic diseases. However, as outcomes cell obviously vary among patients, it is essential to identify patients that would benefit most from this treatment.We collected clinical and laboratory data 25 scheduled undergo sternotomy various surgical procedures. Then, we aspirated marrow sternum during operation investigated quality in vitro cultivation, their angiogenic...

We report a case of patient with late-onset primary lymphangiectasia whose persistent diarrhoea was successfully managed octreotide. A 63 year-old man visited our clinic complaint worsening general edema. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed typical whitish jejunal villi, which suggested intestinal lymphangiectasia. Despite diet, supplemented medium-chain triglycerides; antiplasmin therapy; oral corticosteroids; and surgery, including pericardial window lymphaticovenous anastomoses; his...

Effects of Pd or Pt addition to Ti/Al ohmic contact materials used for n-type Al0.2Ga0.8N grown on the GaN substrates were studied where Si with 2×1018 cm−3 doped in AlGaN layers. The metals prepared by depositing either electron-beam thermal evaporation technique, and then annealed at high temperatures 30 s N2 atmosphere. It was found that a small amount reduced resistivities contacts. lowest resistivity 4.1×10−6 Ω cm2 obtained Ti(20 nm)/Pd(5 nm)/Al(200 nm) after annealing 600 °C (where...

Both luminescence properties and dissociation kinetics of Mg–H complex for as-grown Mg-doped GaN are simultaneously investigated by low-energy electron-excited nanoluminescence (LEEN) spectroscopy. Ultraviolet at 3.2–3.3 eV blue 2.8–2.9 observed as predominant LEEN emissions. In-depth profiles emission show that the is highly GaN. Electron-beam exposure less than 50 mC/cm2 produces an increase ultraviolet intensity reduction intensity. These characteristics suggest due to a transition from...

The stabilities of the electrical properties and microstructures Pt, PtAu, NiAu, TaTi ohmic contacts after contact formation were studied. Pt PtAu annealed in an O2 N2 mixed gas ambient had specific resistance (ρc) high-10−3 Ω cm2 strong adhesion to GaN substrates. NiAu partial poor GaN, although ρc value low-10−3 was obtained. lowest values less than 10−4 cm2. After formation, prepared by annealing showed excellent microstructural during room temperature storage current injection. However,...

Although the maze procedure is an established surgical treatment for eliminating atrial fibrillation (AF), its efficacy in patients with mitral valve disease has remained unsatisfactory. A useful predictive marker outcome of needed. The aim this study was to investigate whether preoperative ratio natriuretic peptide (ANP) brain (BNP) reflects fibrosis and can be used predict disease.A total 23 consecutive who underwent radial approach combined surgery were included divided into a sinus...

Objectives: To evaluate the interface pressure (IP) and stiffness of our elastic multilayer bandages (eMLB).Methods: Three medical staff wrapped legs 10 healthy volunteers with one to six rolls bandages. The IP was measured at medial aspect lower leg level transposition gastrocnemius muscle into Achilles tendon (level B1) patient supine then standing, for each number worn. static index (SSI) calculated as a difference between these IPs.Results: IPs in standing position increased linearly up...