The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae , has developed a chemical defence system that exploits and mimics of its host plants, involving sequestration the major plant secondary metabolites (glucosinolates). Like aphid produces myrosinase (β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase) to catalyse hydrolysis glucosinolates, yielding biologically active products. Here, we demonstrate expression in head/thoracic muscle starts during embryonic development protein levels continue accumulate after nymphs are...

Abstract Vertical farming is an emerging area of food production that aims to provide sustainable intensification agriculture by maximising the obtainable yield per unit land. This approach commonly utilises stacked horizontal levels crop growth in glasshouse or controlled environment (CE) facilities. has, however, received relatively little scientific investigation date. Consequently, important factors such as economic feasibility, system design and optimisation methods are still being...

Abstract Olfactometers have been used for more than 100 years and are integral to experimental chemical ecology. Studies utilising olfactometer bioassays form the foundation understanding behavioural responses of invertebrates stimuli under standardised laboratory conditions. Widely olfactometry apparatuses include two‐arm olfactometers binary through four‐ six‐arm arenas evaluate complex behaviours. Despite its prevalence in ecology studies, there has never a review best practice...

Bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.; Hemiptera: Aphididae) and English grain (Sitobion avenae Fabricius; are important vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in cereal crops traditionally managed using synthetic chemical insecticides. Exploiting the genetic diversity within different wheat varieties offers an alternative to current controls for managing both pests transmission. Confining individual aphids onto specific plant parts a clip cages is often used screen resistance...

The hypothesis that plants supplied with organic fertilizers are better defended against insect herbivores than those synthetic was tested over two field seasons. Organic and fertilizer treatments at nitrogen concentrations were to Brassica plants, their effects on the abundance of herbivore species plant chemistry assessed. also differed in type: a green manure used for low-nitrogen treatment, while high-nitrogen treatment contained animal manures. Two aphid showed different responses...

Abstract Wingbeat frequency in insects is an important variable aerodynamic and energetic analyses of insect flight often studied on a family‐ or species‐level basis. Meta‐analyses these studies report order‐level patterns suggesting that strategy moderately well conserved phylogenetically. Studies incorporated into meta‐analyses, however, use methodologies across different temperatures, which may confound results phylogenetic patterns. In the present study, high‐speed camera used to measure...

Abstract 1 The rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea , is the most serious pest of in Europe and, although conventionally controlled by insecticides, alternative management measures are being sought. Colonies D. commonly attended ants, yet effects this relationship have received little attention. 2 An ant exclusion study was conducted two distant orchards within U.K. At both sites, ants were excluded from a subset infested trees at beginning season and populations monitored. number natural...

Abstract dl ‐β‐Aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a nonprotein amino that can enhance defences in variety of plants against wide range pathogens. BABA also reduce infestation by phytopathogenic nematodes and has recently been shown to suppress the growth aphids feeding on legumes. This investigation examined effect applying as root drench Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana , performance two species aphid ( Myzus persicae Brevicoryne brassicae ) larvae Lepidoptera Trichoplusia ni Plutella...

Cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB) is an important pest of oilseed rape that was controlled by neonicotinoid seed treatments until they were banned for this use in 2013. Since then, CSFB has been a difficult to control, partly due widespread resistance pyrethroid insecticides. Alternate solutions are necessary. Here, four entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species tested against adults under laboratory conditions. In addition, bioassay completed test EPN compatibility with range adjuvants...

Abstract The type and quantity of fertilizer supplied to a crop will differ between organic conventional farming practices. Altering the plant is provided with can influence plant’s foliar nitrogen levels, as well composition concentration defence compounds, such glucosinolates. Many natural enemies insect herbivores respond headspace volatiles emitted by herbivores’ host in response herbivory. We propose that manipulating may also volatile profiles plants, result, tritrophic interactions...

Abstract Behavior and fitness are important ecological traits frequently measured in insect bioassays. A common method to measure them soft‐bodied herbivorous insects involves confining individuals plant leaves using clip cages. Although studies have previously highlighted the negative effects of cages on leaf physiology, little is known about impact that this confinement has fitness. The responses different aphid genotypes/clones containment methods not been investigated. Here we key...

Prof. Simon R. Leather with giant aphid (This figure has also been used by Azevedo & Millman, 2020.) (Figure 1), BSc MBiol Hon.FRES PhD, was an Emeritus Professor at Harper Adams University when he passed away in 2021. Tributes have paid to him soon after; a leading the entomological and scientific community. As published on web page of University, UK, 29 September 2021, described himself: "I am applied entomologist, but that I don't mean someone who can identify huge number species. not...

Abstract 1. Motivated by a community study on aphids and their fungal pathogens, three hypotheses were tested experimentally to investigate the influence of pathogen, Erynia neoaphidis Remaudière Hennebert, aphid population ecology. 2. Field experiments performed in 2 years test whether two susceptible species different host plants might interact through shared pathogen. No strong pathogen‐mediated indirect interactions (apparent competition) between populations pea Acyrthosiphon pisum...