A series of discoveries in the past two decades has changed way we think about bilingualism and its implications for language cognition. One is that both bilingual’s languages are always active. The parallel activation thought to give rise competition imposes demands on bilingual control not use achieve fluency target language. second there consequences affect native as well language: changes response second-language use. third limited but appear reflect a reorganization brain networks hold...

Many recent studies demonstrate that both languages are active when bilinguals and second language (L2) learners reading, listening, or speaking one only. The parallel activity of the two has been hypothesized to create competition must be resolved. Models bilingual lexical access have proposed an inhibitory control mechanism effectively limit attention intended (e.g., Green, 1998). Critically, other research suggests a lifetime experience as negotiating across confers set benefits cognitive...

Subject–verb agreement is a computation that often difficult to execute perfectly in the first language (L1) and even more produce skillfully second (L2). In this study, we examine way which bilingual speakers complete sentence fragments manner reflects access both grammatical conceptual number. two experiments, show are sensitive number L1 L2. However, only highly proficient bilinguals also The results suggest extent able exploit information during speech planning depends on level of proficiency.

We examined the time course of cross-language activation during word recognition in context semantic priming with interlingual homographs. Spanish-English bilinguals were presented pairs English words visually one at a and judged whether two related meaning while recording event-related potentials. Interlingual homographs (e.g., "pie": "Pie" Spanish is foot.) appeared target position preceded by primes that either to "apple"), "toe") or totally unrelated "floor"/"bed"). showed not only when...

Here, we used event-related potentials to test the predictions of two prominent accounts code-switching in bilinguals: The Matrix Language Framework (MLF; Myers-Scotton, 1993) and an application Minimalist Program (MP; Cantone & MacSwan, 2009). We focused on relative order noun with respect adjective mixed Welsh-English nominal constructions given clear contrast between pre- post-nominal position Welsh English. MP would predict that language should determine felicitous word (i.e., English...

The present study examined whether monolingual and bilingual language experience -- including first second proficiency, exposure, age of acquisition modify the neural mechanisms attention during nonverbal sound discrimination. English monolinguals Korean-English bilinguals performed an auditory two-stimulus oddball task while their EEG was recorded. Participants heard a series two different tones (high pitch tone versus low tone), one which occurred less frequently (deviant trials) than...

Research on bilingualism has documented profound brain plasticity by which the bilingual experience reconfigures cognitive system. These effects include temporary as well more enduring ones, and parallel activation of a bilingual's two languages may be key factor at root these observed changes. Recent recommendations (Green, 2011) have emphasized that research code-switching in particular could provide fruitful avenue for investigating nature how speaker selects words ultimately produces an...

Abstract Mentoring is critical to the development and productivity of scholars in academia (e.g., Bain, Fedynich, & Knight, 2011). Research by Tenenbaum, Crosby, Gliner (2001) points 3 distinct types support provided mentors: networking, psychosocial, instrumental. In this chapter, we provide examples our own experiences as mentees with Judith Kroll, who provides all these mentorship her trainees. We first introduce ourselves describe how met Judy, then talk about areas, finish...

The present study examined the role of script in bilingual speech planning by comparing performance same and different-script bilinguals. Spanish-English bilinguals (Experiment 1) Japanese-English 2) performed a picture-word interference task which they were asked to name picture an object English, their second language, while ignoring visual distractor word Spanish or Japanese, first language. Results replicated general pattern seen previous studies for same-script, but not...

Recent psycholinguistic studies provide compelling evidence for the claim that both languages are active when second language (L2) learners and bilinguals process information in one alone. The parallel activation of two occurs even individuals performing highly practiced tasks such as reading, listening, speaking, they proficient languages. presence cross-language activity absence random errors, particularly those who L2, suggests a mechanism cognitive control is place to guide selection...