Bilingual speech requires that the language of utterances be selected prior to articulation. Past research has debated whether speaking can determined in advance planning and, if not, level at which it is eventually selected. We argue reason been difficult come an agreement about selection there not a single locus selection. Rather, depends on set factors vary according experience bilinguals, demands production task, and degree activity nontarget language. demonstrate possible identify some...

Meuter and Allport (1999) were among the first to implicate an inhibitory mechanism in bilingual language control. In their study, bilinguals took longer name a number L1 directly following L2 naming trial than trial, suggesting that suppress more dominant during production. Since then, asymmetric switch costs have not been replicated all subsequent studies, some questioned whether necessarily reveal inhibition. Based on methodological grounds interpretability problems, we conclude may be...

A series of discoveries in the past two decades has changed way we think about bilingualism and its implications for language cognition. One is that both bilingual’s languages are always active. The parallel activation thought to give rise competition imposes demands on bilingual control not use achieve fluency target language. second there consequences affect native as well language: changes response second-language use. third limited but appear reflect a reorganization brain networks hold...

Young children answer questions with longer delays than adults do, and they don't reach typical adult response times until several years later. We hypothesized that this prolonged pattern of delay in children's timing results from competing demands: to give an answer, must understand a question while simultaneously planning initiating their response. Even as get older more efficient process, the demands on them increase because verbal responses become complex. analyzed conversational...

ABSTRACT Using the self-paced reading paradigm, present study examines whether highly proficient second language (L2) speakers of German (English first language) use case-marking information during on-line comprehension unambiguous wh -extractions, even when task demands do not draw explicit attention to this morphosyntactic feature in German. Results support previous findings, that both native and L2 exhibited an immediate subject preference matrix clause, suggesting they were sensitive...

Abstract Recent research suggests that bilingual experience reconfigures linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive processes. We examined the relationship between competition resolution control in younger older adults who were either or monolingual. Participants heard words English identified referent among four pictures while eye-movements recorded. Target (e.g., cab ) appeared with a phonological competitor picture cat two filler pictures. After each eye-tracking trial, priming probes...

AbstractPurpose: Assessment tools are needed to accurately index performance in bilingual populations. This study examines the verbal fluency task further establish relative sensitivities of letter and category assessing language skills Spanish–English bilinguals.Method: English monolinguals bilinguals had 1 minute name words belonging a (e.g. animals) or starting with A). Number retrieved, proficiency, cognate frequency effects were examined.Result: In their dominant (English), showed...

Background According to sociolinguistic frameworks such as Communication Accommodation Theory, English native speakers modify their speech meet the communicative needs of non-native ( Beebe & Giles, 1984 ). However, when foreigner-directed is used inappropriately, it may lead overaccommodation, which in turn can act counterproductively toward goals. Purpose To date, much research on has focused its acoustic parameters, but few studies have examined how second language learners interpret...

The current special issue presents the state of art on topics both bilingual language control and executive function, with a particular focus how bilingualism cognitive interact. contributions to this investigate mechanisms that allow bilinguals regulate their languages address different aspects processing might be causally related control. Taken together, these papers suggest more complex engagement coordination networks than revealed in past research need fully characterise those...

The present study asked whether or not the apparent insensitivity of second language (L2) learners to grammatical gender violations reflects an inability use information during L2 lexical processing. Native German speakers and English with intermediate advanced proficiency in performed a translation-recognition task. On critical trials, incorrect translation was presented that either matched mismatched correct translation. Results show interference for native conditions which speakers,...

The present study examined whether monolingual and bilingual language experience -- including first second proficiency, exposure, age of acquisition modify the neural mechanisms attention during nonverbal sound discrimination. English monolinguals Korean-English bilinguals performed an auditory two-stimulus oddball task while their EEG was recorded. Participants heard a series two different tones (high pitch tone versus low tone), one which occurred less frequently (deviant trials) than...

Research on bilingualism has documented profound brain plasticity by which the bilingual experience reconfigures cognitive system. These effects include temporary as well more enduring ones, and parallel activation of a bilingual's two languages may be key factor at root these observed changes. Recent recommendations (Green, 2011) have emphasized that research code-switching in particular could provide fruitful avenue for investigating nature how speaker selects words ultimately produces an...

Abstract Mentoring is critical to the development and productivity of scholars in academia (e.g., Bain, Fedynich, & Knight, 2011). Research by Tenenbaum, Crosby, Gliner (2001) points 3 distinct types support provided mentors: networking, psychosocial, instrumental. In this chapter, we provide examples our own experiences as mentees with Judith Kroll, who provides all these mentorship her trainees. We first introduce ourselves describe how met Judy, then talk about areas, finish...

Proficient speakers of a language often accommodate less proficient during conversation to facilitate comprehension, but information about factors such as personality and experience that may shape how perceive accommodation is limited.We developed an online questionnaire clarify the use speech in relation individual differences anxiety, personality, English proficiency.Using Qualtrics Panels for recruitment, we surveyed representative sample second-language (L2) (n = 201) first-language (L1)...