The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are seeing increasing prominence, with a range established emerging applications—wireless backhaul for mobile networks 5G 6G infrastructure, automotive radar sensors, space-deployed radiometers Earth observation, climate monitoring, weather forecasting, more—exploiting these frequencies. Measurement techniques informed by latest metrological research into measurement electrical quantities underpin...

We have carried out an optoelectronic measurement of the impulse response ultrafast sampling oscilloscope with a nominal bandwidth 100 GHz within time window approximately ps. Our experimental technique also considers frequency components above cut-off higher order modes 1.0 mm coaxial line, which is shown to be important for specification oscilloscopes. Additionally, we measured reflection coefficient head induced by mismatch circuit and connector larger than 0.5 certain frequencies. The...

Abstract. Radio-frequency (RF) scattering parameters (S-parameters) play an important role to characterise RF signal transmission and reflection of active passive devices such as lines, components, small-signal amplifiers. Vector network analysers (VNAs) are employed instrumentation for measurements. During the last years, upper frequency limit this has been extended up several hundreds GHz waveguide Calibration verification procedures obligatory prior VNA measurement achieve accurate...

In this paper, we present a comprehensive uncertainty budget for on-wafer S-parameter measurements of devices on custom-built fused silica wafer, including instrumentation errors, connector repeatability, and calibration standard uncertainties. All major steps toward achieving traceability with the aid multiline thru-reflect-line given measurement scenario are explained. For first time, it is now possible to compare against each other relative importance different sources in measurements....

This paper describes a thermoelectric waveguide power sensor for the frequency range 75-110 GHz, which has been calibrated in twin-type microcalorimeter. The is suitable as transfer standard to provide traceablity high-frequency calibrations. design and calibration of are described. based upon novel measuring quantity, referred generalized efficiency. results mirocalorimeter measurements performance given. new tested against conventional thermistor sensors direct comparison setup, showing...

This article presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a D-band (110–170 GHz) bolometric power sensor, used for millimeter-wave metrology. sensor type is new thin-film-based which consists multilayer chip embedded in silicon substrate as microwave absorber. The demonstrates reasonable performance with return loss better than 15 dB across entire rise fall times 1.8 ms. achieves high linearity between −10 +8 dBm. Frequency response was measured, its flatness changes no more 20%...

This paper deals with a modular Rx- and Tx- antenna terminal featuring digital beamforming (DBF) at Ka-band frequencies. Background vision of the project SANTANA II recent realizations are described. Different system components outlined covering baseband, RF- IF- level as well software aspects. An outlook on mobile field tests, which will be reported conference, concludes this contribution.

In this contribution, a planar antenna array terminal for mobile satellite communications at Ka-band is proposed. This Earth station on platform uses separate transmit and receive apertures to obtain flat design well suited aeronautical applications. Digital beamforming applied fast beam scanning, tracking, enhanced post-processing capabilities. The active elements exhibit dual polarisation comply with four-colour spot arrangement commonly used by high-throughput satellites. Advanced...

Accurate planar transmission-line models are indispensable not only for the design of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) but also their characterization, e.g., when establishing traceability on-wafer measurements. This paper presents an extended formulation a conventional, analytical CPW model, which yields improved description radiation losses. The new model is validated by 3D electromagnetic (em) full-wave simulations and compared to

Abstract. In this work the determination of measurement uncertainties in scattering parameter measurements for waveguide interfaces ranging from R 100 (WR 90) to 2.6k 3, WM-864) is presented. For each band a Thru Reflect Line calibration performed including standards, cable movement, interface repeatability and characteristics vector network analyzer. reflection transmission coefficients, envelopes are determined magnitude phase angle respectively. addition, an experiment on connection...

Abstract. In this study, the impact of local oscillator cable movements or drift during VNA measurements using frequency extenders is investigated. A non-reciprocal measurement error caused by alterations signal in R 900 (WR 10) waveguide from 75 to 110 GHz observed and systematically analyzed. Furthermore, theory behind effect its implications on results are discussed, as well possible corrections for both calibrated raw data.

This paper presents the design, implementation, and test of a compact antenna array providing polarization multiplexing at 30 GHz. The elements are realized as open-ended substrate-integrated waveguides (SIW). Focus this is on far field analysis for different steering angles polarizations. Simulation well measurement data presented discussed.

An active 30 GHz transmit antenna array featuring digital beamforming (DBF) and polarization multiplexing is reported. The elements rely on open substrate-integrated waveguides, as reported previously. paper discusses the miniaturization optimization of these radiators. Furthermore, a concept for integration components proposed, realized, tested scaled version. Simulation well measurement data presented discussed.

Abstract As part of a joint program three National Measurement Institutes around Europe—the Physical Laboratory in the UK, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Germany and Laboratoire de métrologie et d’essais France—have each established new capabilities for traceable measurement S-parameters up to 90 GHz 1.35 mm (E band) coaxial connector. Each institution has their own systems access full frequency band connector, utilising variety commercially available equipment setups. have also...

Abstract. In this work two methods for the characterization of adapters meaning reciprocal two-ports with different connector styles on both ports are analyzed and compared in detail. The focus is comparison these approaches terms required effort obtained measurement uncertainty. first method based one-port calibrations it to a two-port approach. Both carried out simulation as well under very comparable conditions using 2.4 3.5 mm adapter frequency range up 33 GHz an example. uncertainties...

The increasing demand for mobile access to fast data services is one of the drivers future broadband satellite systems at Ka-Band. Antennas employing Digital Beam-Forming provide and flexible reconfiguration required in such without necessity moving mechanical parts. antenna presented this paper a circularly polarised, 8×8 patch element array, consisting four 4×4 array building blocks. used digital beam forming terminal (transmit system) operating from 29.5 GHz 30.0 GHz. circular...

In this paper we present a simple extension to well-known analytical model for coplanar waveguides (CPWs) on conventional substrates that enables us calculate the broadband electromagnetic properties of CPWs built in membrane technology. We demonstrate accuracy by comparing measurements and numerical simulations frequencies up 110 GHz.

To make the experimental setup of Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer less complex by reducing number RF cables between room and cryogenic temperature, we developed on-chip power dividers. By integration these components, can eventually increase junctions operated one single pulse-pattern generator channel, thus reduce costs setup. At Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, designed, fabricated, investigated performance two different dividers types: serial-parallel Wilkinson divider....

Two independent methods of absolute power measurement electromagnetic waves are compared in the millimeter-wave range. At National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), dependent on frequency and wave propagation, is differently traced back to International System Units (SI), i.e., from microwave up frequencies coaxial lines metallic waveguides terahertz free space. As state-of-the-art waveguide-based sensors free-space detectors overlapping with respect their operating frequency, for first time, a...

In this paper the effect of uncertainties in cross-sectional parameters CPWs and MSLs (e.g. line geometry, substrate material) on propagation constants is investigated, fundamental differences between CPW MSL are illustrated. Since both planar waveguides can be characterized by on-wafer S-parameter measurements, when using either or as calibration standards for well-known Thru-Reflect-Line procedure also investigated.

In RF and microwave engineering, vector network analyzers (VNAs) are employed to characterize one-, two- multi-port networks in terms of scattering parameters (S-parameters). Over the past years, VNA instrumentation has been established perform waveguide measurements at frequencies several hundreds GHz. At such higher frequencies, it becomes difficult verify calibration system order achieve accurate traceability International System Units (SI). systems, verification can be carried out using...