Many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with rapid eye movement sleep (REMS)-loss, however the mechanism was unknown. As REMS-loss elevates noradrenaline (NA) level in brain as well induces neuronal apoptosis and degeneration, this study we have delineated intracellular molecular pathway involved REMS deprivation (REMSD) NA-induced apoptosis. Rats were deprived for 6 days by classical flower-pot method, suitable controls conducted effects on markers evaluated. Further, role of NA...

The two major limitations of Golgi-Cox method are that staining takes very long time and it is inconsistent. In this paper we describe a modification the method, in which tissue blocks were maintained at 37 ± 1°C during chromation for only 24 h consistent neurons rat brain sections observed. simple, reproducible, rapid, inexpensive, provides uniform with good resolution neuronal soma, dendrites as well spines.

In this study we have constructed a mathematical model of recently proposed functional known to be responsible for inducing waking, NREMS and REMS. Simulation studies using reproduced sleep-wake patterns as reported in normal animals. The helps explain neural mechanism(s) that underlie the transitions between wake, REMS well how both homeostatic sleep-drive circadian rhythm shape duration each these episodes. particular, demonstrates confirms an underlying mechanism generation is...

Abstract GABA in locus coeruleus modulates REM sleep. Apart from the presence of interneurons, also receives GABAergic inputs prepositus hypoglossi medulla, where REM‐ON‐like neurons have been reported. Therefore, it was hypothesized that projections to may modulate The experiments were conducted on chronic rats prepared for recording EEG, EOG, and EMG freely moving conditions. Bipolar stimulating electrodes implanted bilaterally, while chemitrodes bilaterally coeruleus. stimulated (3 Hz,...

Since rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation has been reported to affect the neuronal excitability in brain, it was hypothesized that a change membrane-bound Na-K ATPase activity might be at least one of factors inducing such change. Therefore, this study rats were deprived REM by using platform technique and enzyme estimated whole different regions brain microsomal preparations. Deprivation carried out for varying periods suitable control experiments conducted rule possibility...

Recently, we proposed a novel biophysical concept regarding on the appearance of brilliant lights during near death experiences (NDEs) (Bókkon and Salari, 2012). Specifically, perceiving light in NDEs has been to arise due reperfusion that produces unregulated overproduction free radicals energetically excited molecules can generate transient enhancement bioluminescent biophotons different areas brain, including retinotopic visual areas. If this excess photon emission exceeds threshold...

Microgravity and sleep loss lead to cognitive learning deficits. These behavioral alterations are likely be associated with cytomorphological changes of neurons. To understand the phenomenon, we exposed rats (225-275 g) 14 days simulated microgravity (SMg) compared its effects on CA1 hippocampal neuronal plasticity, that normal cage control rats. We observed mean area, perimeter, synaptic cleft, length active zone neurons significantly decreased while dendritic arborization number spines...

Abstract: Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation is reported to increase Na + ,K ‐ATPase activity. This was shown earlier be stimulated by norepinephrine acting on α 1 ‐adrenoceptor. The involvement of a subtype ‐adrenoceptor and the possible molecular mechanism action in increasing enzyme activity were investigated using receptor agonists antagonists, as well stimulants blockers signal transduction pathway. It observed that incubation homogenate with cyclic AMP, forskolin, A23187 (a calcium...