A5018200032- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Sports Performance and Training
- Gut microbiota and health
- Berry genetics and cultivation research
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Herbal Medicine Research Studies
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Ion channel regulation and function
Plant & Food Research
2014-2024
Appalachian State University
2015-2016
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2016
University of the West of England
1992-2007
Boston College
2006
AgResearch
2006
Norwich University
2002
University College London
1998-2001
University of Cambridge
2001
New York Blood Center
1991-2000
Recent research has implicated nitric oxide (NO) in the induction of hypersensitive response (HR) during plant-pathogen interactions. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis suspension cultures generate elevated levels NO to challenge by avirulent bacteria, and, using donors, show these are sufficient induce cell death cells independently reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also provide evidence NO-induced is a form programmed (PCD), requiring gene expression, and number characteristics PCD...
Background Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is accompanied by localized oxidative stress / inflammation which, in the short-term at least, associated with impaired muscular performance. Dietary antioxidants have been shown to reduce excessive stress; however, their effectiveness facilitating recovery following EIMD not clear. Blueberries demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study we examine effect of New Zealand blueberries on after strenuous eccentric...
Exercise-induced oxidative stress is instrumental in achieving the health benefits from regular exercise. Therefore, inappropriate use of fruit-derived products (commonly applied as prophalytic antioxidants) may counteract positive effects Using human exercise and cellular models we found that 1) blackcurrant supplementation suppressed exercise-induced stress, e.g., plasma carbonyls (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 nmol/mg protein, placebo blackcurrant), 2) preincubation THP-1 cells with an...
Background Lactulose mannitol ratio tests are clinically useful for assessing disorders characterised by changes in gut permeability and mixing the intestinal lumen. Variations between currently used test protocols preclude meaningful comparisons studies. We determined optimal sampling period related this to residence. Methods Half-hourly lactulose urinary excretions were over 6 hours 40 healthy female volunteers after administration of either 600 mg aspirin or placebo, randomised order at...
In an effort to obtain a useful in vitro model possessing some of the properties blood-brain barrier, we have investigated and interactions immortalized cell lines. Immortalised human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-304), co-culture with rat C6 glioma two-chambered assembly, form tight junctional complexes, develop permeability barrier having high transcellular electrical resistance. The generate greatest integrity presence cells, or conditioned medium. Under these conditions, also...
It is now clear that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) function as signalling molecules in plants. A wide range of abiotic biotic stresses results H2O2 generation, from a variety sources. removed cells via number antioxidant mechanisms, both enzymatic non‐enzymatic. Both can induce NO synthesis, but the biosynthetic origins plants have not yet been resolved. Cellular responses to are complex, with considerable cross‐talk between several stimuli. In this review potential roles...
Skeletal muscle damage can result from disease and unaccustomed or excessive exercise. Muscle dysfunction occurs via an increased level of reactive oxygen species hence there is potential in antioxidants as amelioration strategies. We explored the putative benefit fruit polyphenolic extracts reducing susceptibility skeletal cells to oxidative stress. myotubes were simultaneously challenged with (1-50 microg/mL) calcium ionophore (A23187), hydrogen peroxide, 2,4-dinitrophenol monitored by...
Background: Regular exercise is essential to a healthy lifestyle but evokes an oxidative and inflammatory stress. Depending upon its intensity duration this can result in either beneficial adaptive changes or underlying tissue damage that impacts long-term health individual sporting training schedules. Functional foods containing plant bioactives have potential support through management of the detrimental aspects complement ergonomic benefits. Aim: Previously we reported single consumption...
CCL11, a chemokine, is linked to the early development of airways eosinophilia in allergic asthma. Therefore, CCL11 production target for abrogating eosinophilic-driven airway inflammation. Blackcurrants are high compounds that regulate inflammation, particularly anthocyanins. In this study, we investigated effect oral blackcurrant supplementation on allergen-induced and production; also profiled key blackcurrants were effect. Ten milligram per kilogram (total anthocyanins) commercially...
Background: It has previously been shown that full‐unit (200 mL) transfusions of red cells (RBCs) enzymatically converted from group B to O by treatment with α‐galactosidase (ECO RBCs) are both safe and efficacious for normal or A subjects. Study Design Methods: The present study describes the results a comprehensive clinical serologic assessment 2‐unit (400 ECO RBC each four subjects (after had donated 1 unit whole blood). Results: Clinical (hematologic tests, chemistry analysis,...
The records of 18 cirrhotic patients with ascites and groin hernias (20 inguinal one femoral) were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven underwent repair their (total 13 repairs). Ten herniorrhaphies performed electively, two urgently because recent difficult reduction, was emergently for incarceration without strangulation. No major four minor postoperative complications occurred. There no perioperative deaths or leaks. Of the in 11 undergoing repair, 12 (92%) available follow-up. In this group,...
Epidemiological studies reveal that fruit consumption reduces the prevalence of airway inflammation and childhood asthma. In particular, blackcurrant polyphenolic extracts have been shown to alleviate lung inflammation. Since IL-4-stimulated eotaxin-3 (CCL26) secretion is a major factor in continuous eosinophil recruitment observed atopic asthma, our focus was evaluate effectiveness compounds on CCL26 human alveolar epithelial cells. Our results indicate proanthocyanin-enriched extract...
The purpose of this study was to correlate post-exercise muscle glycogen levels with changes in plasma cytokine, and mRNA cytokine expression protein content.Twenty-four male runners (age 36.5 ± 1.8 years, VO2max 60.0 1.5 mL⋅kg(-1) ⋅ min(-1)) ran twice (separated by 4 weeks) on treadmills exhaustion at 70% (average time distance 2.24 0.09 h 24.9 1.1 km). Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis blood samples were collected before after each run, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 measured (mRNA protein)...
Aim: To evaluate blackcurrant anthocyanin-rich extract (BAE) consumption on time- and dose-dependent plasma anthocyanin bioavailability conduct a pilot study to explore the potential effect of BAE in promoting recovery from exercise-induced oxidative stress, maintenance circulating neutrophil function. Methods: Time- was assessed using LC-MS 12 participants over 6 h after ingestion placebo or containing 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 mg/kg total anthocyanins. In separate intervention exercise trial, 32...
The suitability of various commercially available endothelial cell lines in studies astrocytic/endothelial interactions was assessed. endothelial-like line ECV304 compared with T24/83, Eahy929, and b.End5 rat cerebral cells their ability, when co-cultured (C6) glioma cells, to form a transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), an indicator tight junction formation which is important property the blood–brain barrier. As reported previously, basal TEER monolayers significantly enhanced upon...