Ticks transmit pathogens to animals and humans more often than any other arthropod vector. The rural economy of Pakistan mainly depends on livestock farming, tick infestations cause severe problems in this sector. present study aimed molecularly characterize the Anaplasma spp. hard ticks collected from six districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. were various hosts, including cattle breeds (Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, Sahiwal, Achai), Asian water buffaloes, sheep, goats March 2018 February...

Single-point mutations in the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) viral proto-oncogene are most common cause of human cancer. In humans, oncogenic KRAS responsible for about 30% lung, pancreatic, and colon cancers. One predominant mutant G12D variants is pancreatic cancer an attractive drug target. At time writing, no

Hard ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) are medically important ectoparasites that feed on all classes of terrestrial vertebrates. Recently, we molecularly characterized hard and associated Anaplasma spp. in the northern central regions Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan; however, this knowledge was missing southern regions. This study aimed to investigate tick prevalence, host range, genetic diversity, molecular survey a wide range species two distinct physiographic KP. A total 1873 were randomly...

Despite high diversity in the Oriental region, ticks of genus Haemaphysalis have been neglected regarding their genetic data and vector potential. This study aimed to genetically characterize three species Haemaphysalis: cornupunctata, kashmirensis, montgomeryi infesting goats sheep, Rickettsia spp. associated with these tick Hindu Kush Himalayan range Pakistan. Altogether, 834 were collected by examining 120 hosts including (64/120, 53.3%) sheep (56/120, 46.6%), which 86 (71.6%) found be...

The advancement of multi-omics technologies is crucial to deepen knowledge on tick biology. These approaches, used study diverse phenomena, are applied experiments that aim understand changes in gene transcription, protein function, cellular processes, and prediction systems at global biological levels. This review addressed the application omics data investigate elucidate physiological such as feeding, digestion, reproduction, neuronal, endocrine systems, understanding population dynamics,...

The advancement of multi-omics technologies is crucial to deepen knowledge on tick biology. These approaches, used study diverse phenomena, are applied experiments that aim understand changes in gene transcription, protein function, cellular processes, and prediction systems at global biological levels. This review addressed the application omics data investigate elucidate physiological such as feeding, digestion, reproduction, neuronal, endocrine systems, understanding population dynamics,...

Abstract Background Hard ticks (Ixodidae) are hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens to a variety of hosts including humans. Transhumant herds have been involved in the spread and associated Rickettsia spp., studies on this neglected topic unexplored many regions Pakistan. This study aimed investigate infesting transhumant sheep ( Ovis aries ) goats Capra hircus district Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Methods Of 144 examined animals, 112 (68 44 goats) were infested by 419...

Soft ticks (Ixodida: Argasidae) are medically important ectoparasites that mainly feed on birds and mammals, which play a key role in their geographic distribution dispersion. Despite importance, studies soft scarce for many regions countries of the world, including Pakistan. In this study, 2330 ticks-179 larvae (7.7%), 850 nymphs (36.4%), 711 males (30.5%) 590 females (25.3%)-were collected from animal shelters 18 locations within five districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, A subset was processed...

Public health is a major concern for several developing countries due to infectious agents transmitted by hematophagous arthropods such as ticks. Health risks ticks infesting butcher-associated stray dogs (BASDs) in urban and peri-urban regions have been neglected countries. To the best of authors' knowledge, this first study assessing public BASDs Pakistan's areas. A total 575 (390 from symptomatic 183 asymptomatic BASDs) were collected 117 (63 54 asymptomatic); belonged 4 hard tick...

Tick-borne Coxiella spp. are emerging in novel regions infecting different hosts, but information regarding their occurrence is limited. The purpose of this study was the molecular screening various ticks infesting goats, sheep, camels, cattle, wild mice, and domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus) districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Morphologically identified tick species were confirmed by obtaining cox1 sequences molecularly screened for sequencing GroEL fragments. Almost 345 out 678...

Haemaphysalis ticks are globally distributed with the greatest diversity in Oriental region. This study aimed to primarily provide information on morphology, host record, and preliminary phylogenetic position of a poorly known tick danieli. Herds comprised goats sheep were examined for this species Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total 127 ticks, including males (n = 15, 11.8%) females 112, 88.2%), collected, morphologically identified as H. The morphological identification was...

Theileria annulata is a tick-associated parasite that causes tropical theileriosis in livestock and responsible for huge economic losses. Studies have been neglected on the effect of spp. cattle Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The present study was designed to determine genetic diversity assess risk factors associated with infection selected districts KP. Information related collected through questionnaire. Blood samples were from symptomatic January 2019 February 2020, identified...

Alectorobius species are soft ticks primarily infesting birds, such as swallows, while Dermacentor hard mainly mammals, small ruminants. This study for the first time reported on morphological and molecular bases of two tick species, namely A. coniceps a sp. in Pakistan. The former was examined swallows’ nests Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, latter ruminants Balochistan province. In total, 25 were collected, with 14 morphologically identified (males = 9 females 5) 11 7 4). Following...

Ixodes ticks transmit Theileria and Anaplasma species to a wide range of animals. The spreading tick-borne pathogens has been attributed transhumant herds, research on these uninvestigated issues neglected in many countries, including Pakistan. Recently, we used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 16S ribosomal DNA partial sequences genetically characterize kashmiricus their associated Rickettsia spp. However, the data its cox1 sequence are missing. This study aimed I. based were collected...

Haemaphysalis species are medically important hard ticks (Ixodidae) that parasitize nearly all domestic as well wild hosts, mostly in the Oriental region. Genetic diversity of South Asia has gained little attention, despite its economic, medical, and veterinary importance. The purpose this study was to genetically characterize indica montgomeryi obtain their preliminary phylogenetic relationship. A total 1171 were collected from Indian mongooses (Herpestes javanicus Herpestes edwardsii),...

Ticks of the genus Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) are poorly known systematically due to their habitation in harsh topographic environments and high mountains. ticks diversely distributed Palearctic, Nearctic, Oriental regions. There is no available information on occurrence marginatus Pakistan; thus, current investigation aimed first morphological molecular confirmation this species associated Anaplasma marginale Rickettsia raoultii. were collected from goats (Capra hircus)...

Prebiotics supplementation modulates pre-weaning stress in male cattle calves by improving growth performance, health scores and serum biomarkers | Mohsin Raza, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf, Jamal Ahmad, Afzal Rashid, Khalid Abdul Majeed, Sajid Khan Tahir, Shumaila Ashraf, Numan, Abia Khalid, Habib ur Rehman Agricultural Journals

Learning about ticks is important because of the diseases and problems they can cause in people animals. Ticks are related to spiders not insects—they parasites that live outside their host‘s body infest a variety must feed on blood survive, when feed, spread germs found all around world various strategies have been tried control these parasites. Chemical (pesticides) most common method; however, some shown resistance chemicals. Alternative methods explored, including vaccinating animals...

This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of coconut oil extract (COE) in broilers experimentally infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV).

Abstract The genus Ornithodoros is notably diverse within the family Argasidae, comprising approximately 134 species distributed among 4 subgenera, 1 of which subgenus Pavlovskyella . In an earlier study, we identified distinct soft ticks as ( ) sp., were collected from animal shelters in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Providing additional collections that same locality and a comprehensive analysis involving detailed morphological mitogenome-based comparisons with closely related species,...