A5031256527- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Marine and environmental studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Geological formations and processes
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Marine animal studies overview
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
University of Leeds
2018-2024
Cardiff University
2011-2014
American Museum of Natural History
2014
Ecological change provokes speciation and extinction, but our knowledge of the interplay among biotic abiotic drivers macroevolution remains limited. Using unparalleled fossil record Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera, we demonstrate that macroevolutionary dynamics depend on interaction between species' ecology changing climate. This drives diversification differs probability extinction risk: Speciation was more strongly shaped by diversity dependence than climate change,...
The branching times of molecular phylogenies allow us to infer speciation and extinction dynamics even when fossils are absent. Troublingly, phylogenetic approaches usually return estimates zero extinction, conflicting with fossil evidence. Phylogenies do agree, however, that there often limits diversity. Here, we present a general approach evaluate the likelihood phylogeny under model accommodates diversity-dependence extinction. We find, by maximization, is estimated most precisely if rate...
We present a complete phylogeny of macroperforate planktonic foraminifer species the Cenozoic Era (∼65 million years ago to present). The is developed from large body palaeontological work that details evolutionary relationships and stratigraphic (time) distributions species-level taxa identified morphology ('morphospecies'). Morphospecies are assigned morphogroups ecogroups depending on test inferred habitat, respectively. Because gradual evolution well documented in this clade, we have...
Anthropogenic activity is changing Earth's climate and ecosystems in ways that are potentially dangerous disruptive to humans. Greenhouse gas concentrations the atmosphere continue rise, ensuring these changes will be felt for centuries beyond 2100, current benchmark projection. Estimating effects of past, current, potential future emissions only 2100 therefore short-sighted. Critical problems food production climate-forced human migration projected arise well before raising questions...
ABSTRACT It is often claimed that conserving evolutionary history more efficient than species‐based approaches for capturing the attributes of biodiversity benefit people. This claim underpins academic analyses and recommendations about distribution prioritization species areas conservation, but rarely considered in practical conservation activities. One impediment to implementation arguments related human‐centric benefits are vague underlying mechanisms poorly explored. Herein we identify...
ABSTRACT Planktonic foraminiferal species identification is central to many paleoceanographic studies, from selecting for geochemical research elucidating the biotic dynamics of microfossil communities relevant physical oceanographic processes and interconnected phenomena such as climate change. However, few resources exist train students in difficult task discerning amongst closely related species, resulting diverging taxonomic schools that differ concepts boundaries. This problem...
In modern environmental and climate science it is necessary to assimilate observational datasets collected over decades with outputs from numerical models, enable a full understanding of natural systems their sensitivities. During the twentieth twenty-first centuries, modelling became central many areas Bohr model atom Lorenz atmosphere. science, great deal time effort devoted developing, evaluating, comparing modifying models that help us synthesise our complex systems. Here we provide an...
The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), ca. 56 Ma, was a major global environmental perturbation attributed to rapid rise in the concentration of greenhouse gases atmosphere. Geochemical records tropical sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) from PETM are rare and typically affected by post-depositional diagenesis. To circumvent this issue, we have analyzed oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) single specimens exceptionally well-preserved planktonic foraminifera Tanzania (∼19°S paleolatitude), which...
Planktonic foraminifera are a major constituent of ocean floor sediments, and thus have one the most complete fossil records any organism. Expeditions to sample these sediments produced large amounts spatiotemporal occurrence throughout Cenozoic, but no single source exists house data. We therefore created comprehensive dataset that integrates numerous sources for planktonic foraminifera. This new dataset, Triton, contains >500,000 is four times larger than previous largest database,...
Birth–death models are central to much macroevolutionary theory. The fundamental parameters of these concern durations. Different species concepts realize different durations because they represent ideas what birth (speciation) and death (extinction) mean. Here, we use Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera as a case study ask: the dynamical consequences changing definition death? We show strong evidence for biotic constraints on diversification using evolutionary species, but less...
Abstract. The Pliocene-Recent is associated with many important climatic and paleoceanographic changes, which have shaped the biotic abiotic nature of modern world. closure Central American Seaway development intensification Northern Hemisphere ice sheets had profound global impacts on latitudinal vertical structure oceans, triggering extinction radiation marine groups. In particular, calcifying planktonic foraminifera, are highly sensitive to water column structure, exhibited a series...
Anthropogenic activity is changing Earth’s climate and ecosystems in ways that are potentially dangerous disruptive to humans. Greenhouse gas concentrations the atmosphere continue rise, ensuring these changes will be felt for centuries beyond 2100, current benchmark prediction. Estimating effects of past, current, potential future emissions only 2100 therefore shortsighted. Critical problems food production climate-forced ‘survival’ migration projected arise well before raising questions...
Extinction rates in the modern world are currently at their highest 66 million years and likely to increase with projections of future climate change. Our knowledge modern-day extinction risk is largely limited decadal-centennial terrestrial records, while data from marine realm typically applied high-order (> 1 year) timescales. At present, it unclear whether fossil organisms common ancestry ecological niche exhibit consistent indicators stress prior extinction. The microfossil record,...
Abstract Reduction in body size of organisms following mass extinctions is well‐known and often ascribed to the Lilliput effect. This phenomenon expressed as a temporary reduction within surviving species. Despite its wide usage term loosely applied any small post‐extinction taxa. Here we assess bivalves family Limidae (Rafineque) prior to, aftermath of, end‐Triassic extinction event. Of species studied only one occurs event, though too scarce test for Instead, newly evolved originate at...
Alternative prioritization strategies have been proposed to safeguard biodiversity over macroevolutionary time scales. The first prioritizes the most distantly related species—maximizing phylogenetic diversity (PD)—in hopes of capturing at least some lineages that will successfully diversify into future. second are currently speciating, in successful continue generate species These contrasting schemes also map onto predictions about role slow diversifiers production palaeontological We...
Glacio-eustatic cycles lead to changes in sedimentation on all types of continental margins. There is, however, a paucity rate data over eustatic sea-level active subduction zones. During International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 375, coring the upper ∼110 m northern Hikurangi Trough Site U1520 recovered turbidite-dominated succession deposited during last ∼45 kyrs (Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1–3). We present an age model integrating radiocarbon dates, tephrochronology, and δ18O...
The unique macroevolutionary dataset of Aze & others has been transferred onto the TimeScale Creator visualisation platform while, as much practicable, preserving original unrevised content its morphospecies and lineage evolutionary trees. This is a "Corrected Version" (not revision), which can serve an on-going historical case example because it now updatable with future time scales. Both biostratigraphic communities are equipped enduring phylogenetic database Cenozoic macroperforate...
Abstract Extinction rates in the modern world are currently at their highest 66 million years and likely to increase with projections of future climate change. Our knowledge modern-day extinction risk is largely limited decadal-centennial terrestrial records, while data from marine realm typically applied high-order (> 1 year) timescales. At present, it unclear whether fossil organisms common ancestry ecological niche exhibit consistent indicators stress prior extinction. The microfossil...
Abstract. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis enables a unique perspective of the internal microstructure foraminiferal calcite. Specifically, EBSD provides crystallographic data from within test, highlighting highly organised “mesocrystal” structure crystallographically aligned domains throughout formed by sequential deposits microgranular We compared maps across test walls both poorly preserved and well-preserved specimens planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber...